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exam 3
orthopedics pt 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what complication diagnosed by spiral CT scan, V/Q scan if no contrast die, manifests as dyspnea, cough, chest pain, hemoptysis, crackles, mental status change, hypoxema, anxiety? | pulmonary embolism |
| what complication is treated with 02, intubation, vasopressors, diuretics, tPA=clot buster, surgery, heparin/lovenox/warfarin, IVC filter? | pulmonary embolism |
| what complication is prevented by early ambulation, anti embolism socks, anti-embolism devices, prophylactic medication | pulmonary embolism |
| what complication is primarily from fractured long bones, yellow marrow travels from bone to lung causing complications, lasting neuro if hypoxia persists, 24-48 hrs after fracture effects lung tissue, brain, heart, skin? | fat embolism |
| what complication clinically manifests as mental status changes, hypoxia, petechial rash (rash of kneck chest, eyes, dotted rash)chest pain, tachycardia, cyanosis, apprehension | fat embolism |
| what complication is treated with iv fluids, mechanical ventilation, administration of blood products, prevented by rapid and careful immobilization of fracture, minimize movement till frac is stable, corticosteroid use contriversal | fat embolism |
| what orthopedic procedure can be for circulatory impairment, trauma, infection, tumor, diabetes, peripheral vascular disease, sepsis, pain, depends on underlying problem, Doppler studies, areriogram, venogram? | amputation |
| what orthopedic complication is a skin flap with soft tissue padding covers the bony part of the remaining limb, skin flap is sutured to avoid any weight bearing area? | amputation |
| for what orthopedic condition do you assess psychological impact, pain management, phantom limb sensation, general post-op care, prevention of flexion contractures, residual limb bandaging, limb may still hurt, medicate, no pillow under limb, brief prone | amputation |
| what is the most common ortho procedure in older adults common types are synovectomy, osteotomy, debridement, arthroplasty=reconstruction? | joint surgery |
| for what type of joint surgery are the interventions to prevent infection, prevent DVT, manage pain, promote mobility? | total knee replacement |
| for what orthopedic surgery are the interventions to maintain hyp precautions when turning abduct avoid external rotation? | hip replacement |
| for what orthopedic surgery are the interventions to not cross legs, not bend more than 90 degrees, do not turn affected leg, abduct when turning? | hip precautions |
| what orthopedic condition is porous bones, resorption exceeds deposition, low bone mass and structural deterioration inc bone fragility, spine hip, wrist, can be worsned by menopause, corticosteroids, antiseizure, heparin, anticancer, IBD, KD, RA, ETOH | osteoporosis |
| what orthopedic condition happens to 10 million people in the US 80% femails, this # is expected to increase, bone mineral density testing, no sx till first fracture, nutrition, calcium vit D, excercise | osteoporosis |
| what orthopedic condition is treated with calcitonin, bisphosphonates (Fosamax), educate about nutrition, exercise, prevention of fractures, medication administration and side effects? | osteoporosis |
| what orthopedic condition is a breakdown of cartilage between joints, smooth cartilage becomes granular, no single cause, usually involves hands, neck, lower back, knees, and hips, effects more women then men, asymmetrical joint pain or morning stiffness | osteoarthritis |
| what orthopedic condition is diagnosed with a bone scan, CT scan, MRI, X-ray, no blood test, treatments are managing pain and inflammation, balance rest/ activity, assistive device as needed, heat and cold, w8 management, exercise, alternate therepy? | osteoarthritis |
| what orthopedic condition is treated pharmacologically with salicylates, NSAIDS, topical analgesics, corticosteroid injections, HA injections, Glucosamine/chondroitin assess pain, treat with meds, promote mobility, | osteoarthritis |
| what ortho condition is chronic, systemic autoimmune exacerbation and remition, cause unknown, genetic factor, localized stiffness, pain, INFLAMMATION, BILATERAL joint involvement, joint deformity, subluxation? | Rheumatoid Arthritis |
| what orthopedic condition manifests as rheumatoid nodules, sjogern's syndrome, felty's syndrome, joint destruction, cataract, skin lesions, hoarsness Dx: history and physical, blood work CBC, ESR, RF, ANA, CRP, synovial fluid exam? | rheumatoid arthritis |
| what ortho prob is treated by balancing rest and activity, assistive devices as needed, heat and cold, w8 management, exercise, alternative therepys, meds: DMARDS methotrexate, hydroxychloroquine, etanercept, infliximab | rheumatoid arthritis |
| what ortho condition is treated pharmacologically with immunosuppresents, azathioprine, penicillamine, gold compounds, corticosteroids, assess pain, treat w/ meds, mobility andrest? | rheumatoid arthritis |
| what ortho condition is an inc in acid production, dec in uric acid excreted by the kidneys, inc intake of purines, purine catabolism making uric acid, uric acid crystals in synovial fluid, dusky cyanotic joints, pain, inflammation, tophil? | gout |
| what ortho condition is diagnosed by serum uric acid, 24 hr urine, synovial fluid aspiration, treatment with meds, colchicine, NSAIDS, allopurinol, supportive care of joint? | gout |
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malcolmnursing2
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