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Domestic Violence
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) definition for intimate partner violence (IPV) Two types of IPV: | Physical and/or sexual violence (use of physical force) or threat of such violence, Psychological/emotional abuse and/or coercive tactics when there has been prior physical and/or sexual violence between persons who are spouses or nonmarital partners (dat |
| Statistics | ~ 900,000 U.S. women reported physical or sexual assault by intimates (1998) , IPV accounted for 22% of violent crimes against women between 1993 and 1998 (versus 3% for men), Current rates of IPV range from 1.8% to 14% in population-based studies and up |
| Mandatory Reporting | Almost every state has some form of mandatory reporting of abused elderly and vulnerable patients (the developmentally disabled and the mentally ill), As mandatory reporters of abuse, you need only have suspicion that elder abuse and/or neglect may have o |
| AMA Definitions for Elder Abuse and Neglect | Health Effects of Violence, Approximately 52% of abused women report being injured seriously enough to need medical attention from an abusive incident, Abused women also have been found to have significantly more chronic health problems, (more neurologic |
| Health Effects of Violence | Abused women also have significantly more depression, suicidal and PTSD symptoms, as well as problems with substance abuse |
| Elder Abuse | Abuse of the elderly often is coupled with neglect. Neglect can manifest itself with symptoms of dehydration and malnutrition.Neglect can be intentional (criminal) or nonintentional. |
| Self-neglect | one's right to live autonomously versus society's obligation to care for a person who is not able to care for herself or himself. Suspected self-neglect is also a mandatory reportable activity to adult protective services. |
| Screening | Routine, universal screening for intimate partner violence means asking every woman (or man) at every health care encounter if she has been abused by a husband, boyfriend or other intimate partner or ex-partner |
| AMA Elder Abuse Screening Questions Screening | It is important also to assess and document prior abuse, including prior IPV, childhood physical and sexual abuse, and prior rapes of all kinds (stranger, date, intimate partner). |
| Determine the history of traumatic injuries | an impact on the current health condition, Mental status examination, Particular attention to the most frequent mental health problems associated with violence: depression, suicide, PTSD, substance abuse, and anxiety |
| Bruise | can be used interchangeably with contusion. |
| Laceration | is related to avulsion. |
| Ecchymosis | is related to (senile) purpura. |
| Petechiae | is related to purpura. |
| Rug burn | is more accurately described as a friction abrasion. |
| Incision | can be used interchangeably with cut. |
| Cut | can be used interchangeably with sharp injury. |
| Stab wounds | are penetrating, deep, sharp injuries. |
| Hematoma | is a collection of blood that is often but not always caused by blunt force trauma. |
| Abrasion | a wound caused by rubbing the skin or mucous membranes |
| Avulsion | the tearing away of a structure or part |
| Bruise | superficial discoloration due to hemorrhage into the tissues from ruptured blood vessels beneath the skin surface |
| Contusion | A bruise; injury to tissues without breakage of the skin; blood from broken blood vessels accumulates, producing pain, swelling and tenderness |
| Cut/Incision | a cut or wound made by a sharp instrument; the act of cutting |
| Ecchymosis | a hemorrhagic spot or blotch, larger than petechiae, in the skin or mucous membrane, forming a nonelevated, rounded or regular, blue or purplish patch |
| Hematoma | a localized collection of extravasated blood, usually clotted in an organ, space or tissue |
| Hemorrhage | the escape of blood from a ruptured vessel, which can be external, internal, and/or into the skin or organ |
| Laceration | the act of tearing or splitting; usually from a blunt impact over a bony surface |
| Lesion | a broad term referring to any pathologic or traumatic discontinuity of tissue or loss of function of a part |
| Patterned injury | an injury caused by an object that leaves a distinct pattern on the skin or organ (i.e., being whipped with an extension cord) or an injury caused by a unique mechanism of injury (immersion burns to the hand “glove burn” or feet “sock burns”) |
| Pattern of injuries | injuries, usually bruises and fractures, in various stages of healing |
| Petechiae | minute, pinpoint, nonraised, perfectly round, purplish red spots caused by intradermal or submucous hemorrhage which later turn blue or yellow |
| Puncture | the act or piercing or penetrating with a pointed object or instrument |
| Stab Wound | a penetrating, sharp, cutting injury that is deeper than it is wide |
| Traumatic alopecia | loss of hair from pulling and yanking or by other traumatic means |
| Wound | a general term referring to a bodily injury caused by physical means |
| Assessing for risk of homicide | Women in this country are more often killed by a husband, boyfriend, or ex-husband than by anyone else |
| Danger Assessment (DA) - 19-item yes/no instrument | Abused women who were the victims of a homicide had an average score of 7.1 on the original 15-item DA (See page 81) |
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