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Interview
interview
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The Interview | “The interview (and subsequent historical information gathered) is the single most important activity a nurse completes” (Chris Nordick), Data collection, Relationship building |
| Subjective data | what the person says about himself or herself. First and the best chance a person has to tell you what he or she perceives the health state to be (sense of control) |
| Successful interview: | Gather complete and accurate data about the person's health state, including the description and chronology of any symptoms of illness. |
| Successful interview: | Establish rapport and trust so the person feels accepted and thus free to share all relevant data |
| Successful interview: | Teach the person about the health state so that the person can participate in identifying problems |
| Successful interview: | Build rapport for a continuing therapeutic relationship; this rapport facilitates future diagnoses, planning, and treatment |
| Successful interview: | Begin teaching for health promotion and disease prevention |
| The Interview | Similar to a contract, Patient/client: what the person needs or expects from health care, Provider: what the nurse has to offer |
| Successful interview: | Time and place of the interview and succeeding physical examination |
| Successful interview: | Introduction of yourself and a brief explanation of your role |
| Successful interview: | The purpose of the interview |
| Successful interview: | How long it will take |
| Successful interview: | Expectation of participation for each person |
| Successful interview: | Presence of any other people (e.g., patient's family, other health professionals, students) |
| Successful interview: | Confidentiality and to what extent it may be limited |
| Successful interview: | Any costs that the patient must pay |
| Successful interview: | Process of Communication |
| Successful interview: | Communication refers to conveying meaning |
| Successful interview: | Communication is all the behavior, conscious and unconscious, verbal and nonverbal. All behavior has meaning. |
| Successful interview: | The art of interviewing is a learned and dynamic skill, It is not just talking and hearing |
| Process of Communication | Sending |
| Verbal communication: | the words you speak, vocalizations, the tone of voice |
| Nonverbal communication | body language—posture, gestures, facial expression, eye contact, foot tapping, touch, even where you place your chair , Nonverbal communication is more reflective of true feelings |
| Process of Communication | Receiving |
| Interpreted within a specific context | , Is the sender’s context similar to the receiver’s context?, Meaning attached through past experiences, culture, self-concept, and current physical and emotional states |
| Greater risk for miscommunication in health care field | Patient usually has a health problem, and this factor emotionally charges the professional relationship. It intensifies the communication because the person feels dependent, Maximizing one’s communicating skills requires understanding of internal and exte |
| Process of Communication | Internal Factors |
| Liking Others | generally optimistic view of people; an assumption of their strengths and a tolerance for their weaknesses, Atmosphere of unconditional acceptance and warmth, Respect for their own control over their health, Dependency on the health care provider/team is |
| Process of Communication | Internal Factors |
| Empathy | viewing the world from the other person's inner frame of reference while remaining yourself |
| Empathy | Recognizing and accepting the other person's feelings without criticism |
| Empathy | Understanding with the person how he or she perceives his or her world |
| Process of Communication | Internal Factors |
| The Ability to Listen | active and demanding, Route to understanding, Listen to the way a person tells the story, Difficulty with language, impaired memory, the tone of the person's voice, and even to what the person is leaving out |
| Process of Communication | External Factors, Optimal conditions help aid the interview, |
| Ensure privacy | geographic privacy, Psychological privacy |
| Physical Environment | Temperature, noise, distracting objects or equipment, distance 4-5 feet (twice arm’s length), equal status seating |
| Avoid standing | gives the person some feeling of control |
| Communicates haste | (blank) |
| Assumes superiority | (blank) |
| Process of Communication | External Factors |
| Dress | The patient should remain in street clothes except in the case of an emergency. Your appearance and clothing should be appropriate to the setting, Conventional professional standards: a uniform or lab coat over conservative clothing, a name tag, and neat |
| Process of Communication | External Factors |
| Note Taking Disadvantages | It breaks eye contact too often., It shifts your attention away from the person, diminishing his or her sense of importance.It can interrupt the patient's narrative flow. of expression is lost. It impedes your observation of the patient's nonverbal behav |
| Tapes | Techniques of Communication |
| The beginning | Nervousness (you and the patient), Remember to keep the beginning short, Address the person, using his or her surname, Shake hands if that seems comfortable, Introduce yourself and state your role in the agency (if you are a student, say so), Give the rea |
| The Working Phase | data gathering phase |
| Open-ended questions general &narrative | Used to begin the interview, Used to introduce a new section of questions, Used whenever the person introduces a new topic, Unbiased, free to answer in any way, Important to listen |
| The Working Phase Closed or Direct Questions | Ask for specific information, Elicit short, one to two word answers, yes or no or a forced choice, Limits rapport and leaves interaction neutral |
| Closed or Direct Questions Tasks | Ask only one direct question at a time, Choose language the person understands, Techniques of Communication |
| The Working Phase -Responses : Assisting the Narrative | Nine types of verbal responses subdivided into two main categories: Involving reactions to facts or feelings the person has communicated, facilitation, silence, reflection, empathy, clarification, Involving your own thoughts and feelings (frame of referen |
| Techniques of Communication – The Working Phase (Responses) | Facilitation, silence, reflection, Clarification |
| Facilitation | “mm-hmm, go on, continue, uh-huh” |
| Silence | communicates that the patient has time to think, to organize what he or she wishes to say without interruption from you |
| Reflection | is repeating part of what the person has just said |
| Empathy | An empathic response recognizes a feeling and puts it into words. It names the feeling and allows the expression of it |
| Clarification | - Use this when the person's word choice is ambiguous or confusing |
| Techniques of Communication | The Working Phase (Responses) |
| Confrontation | you have observed a certain action, feeling, or statement and you now focus the person's attention on it |
| Interpretation | based on your inference or conclusion |
| Explanation | factual and objective information |
| Summary | final review of what you understand the person has said |
| Ten Traps of Interviewing | Providing false assurance or reassurance, Giving unwanted advice, Using authority, Using avoidance language |
| Ten Traps of Interviewing | Engaging in distancing, Using professional jargon, Using leading or biased questions, Talking too much |
| Ten Traps of Interviewing | Interrupting, Using “why” questions, Nonverbal Skills, When nonverbal and verbal information is congruent communication is reinforced |
| Ten Traps of Interviewing | When nonverbal and verbal information are incongruent the nonverbal messages tend to be the truthful one |
Created by:
holtanmir
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