Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Chapter 42: sleep
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 24-hour day-night cycle | Circadian Rhythm |
| Major Sleep Center | Hypothalmus |
| Awake and Alertness | RAS- Reticular Activating System |
| Induces sleep | BSR- Bulbar synchronizing region |
| Stages of Adult sleep | Stage2 (NREM), Stage3 (NREM), stage4 (NREM), Stage3 (NREM), Stage2 (NREM), REM |
| Purpose of sleep | remains unclear,provides healing&restoration, Physiologicl restoration,Maintenance of biological functions, Neccessary for brain tissue restoration |
| Purpose of physiological restoration | Conserves energy- preserves cardiac function (HR>60), decrease respirations and BP/relax muscle tone |
| Normal sleep requirements:Neonate | 16hrs/day |
| Normal sleep requirements: Infants | 8-10hrs a night- total 15hrs/day |
| Normal sleep requirements: Toddlers | 12hrs/day plus naps |
| Normal sleep requirements: Preschooler | 12hrs/night |
| Normal sleep requirements:School Age | 9-12hrs |
| Normal sleep requirements: Adolescents | 7 1/2hrs |
| Normal sleep requirements: Young Adults | 6-8 1/2 hrs |
| Normal sleep requirements:Middle/older adults | Total hours decline |
| Factors affecting sleep | Physical illness, drugs/substances, lifestyle, usual sleep pattern, emotional stress, environment, excersise/fatigue, food&calorie intake |
| Physical Illness- examples | pain, chronic illness, nausea, physical discomfort, mood issues, respiratory disease, nocturia, RLS, peptic ulcer disease |
| Drugs/Substances- examples | Hypnotics, diuretics, antidepressants/stimulants, Beta blockers, Benzodiazepines, Alcohol, caffeine, narcotics, anticonvulsants |
| Lifestyle- examples | daily routines, work schedules, unaccustomes heavy work, social activities, changing evening time meal |
| Emotional stress- examples | "worries",physical health, death, losses |
| Environment- examples | Disruptive bed partner (snoring, restless), extraneous noises, different environment, time of day |
| Exercise/Fatigue- examples | Moderate excercise and fatigue causes a restful sleep (2 or more hours before bedtime), work that is stressful |
| Food and Caloric intake- Examples | Watch caffeine, good eating habits promote sleep, weight gain/overweight (OSA), nicotine, alcohol, milk allergy (infants) |
| Excessive sleepiness | Hypersomnolence |
| Chronic difficult falling asleep or frequent wakening from sleep and/or short sleep | Insomnia |
| Situational stress | Transient Insomnia |
| Result of dyssomnia | sleep deprivation |
| What is chronic sleep deprivation associated with | Cardiac diseae, weight gain, DMII, poor memory, depression and digestive problems |
| Symptoms of sleep deprivation | blurred vision, clumsiness,decrease reflexes, slowed reaction time, decreased reasoning and judgement, confused and disoriented, irritable/agitated, decreased motivation |
| Dysfunction of mechanisms that regulate sleep and wake states | Narcolepsy |
| Sudden muscle weakness during intense emotion | Cataplexy |
| SIDS, Somnambulism(sleep walking), Night terrors, Nocturnal enuresis (bed wetting), body rocking, Bruxism (teeth grinding) | Parasomnia |
| Lack of airflow through nose and mouth >10sec or longer | Sleep Apnea |
| 3 types of sleep Apnea | Central, OSA, Mixed |
| OSA- how does it occur? | Muscles of oral cavity relax during sleep, results in a blocked or partially blocked airway, diminishes nasal airflow or stops compltetly for as long as 30 secs-SNoring |
| 2 major risk factors OSA | Obesity and hypertension |
| What increases risk for OSA | Smoking, heart failure, DM II, alcohol use, family history |
| Structural abnormalities- predisposed to OSA | Deviated septum, nasal polyps, larger neck circumference, enlarged tonsils |
| OSA causes decline in arterial Oxygen saturation which puts the person at risk for.. | cardiac dysrhythmias, right sided heart failure, pulmonary HTN, angina, stroke and HTN |
| Patient might complain of.. | excessive daytime sleepiness, fatigue, morning headaches, irritabilty, depression, difficulty concentrating, decreased sex drive |
| Treatment of OSA: | treatment for underlying cardiac and respiratory complications and emotional problems that may occur because of disorder |
| Dysfunction in the respiratory control center of the brain, impluse to breath fail temporarily, common in pt with brainstem injury, MD and encephalitis | Central Sleep Apnea (CSA) |
| Induce sleep | Hypnotics |
| Calming/soothing effects | Sedatives |
| long-term use of hypnotics/sedatives | may distrupt sleep and lead to more serious issues; tolerance, withdraw, rebound insomnia |
| Treatment of choice: | Nonbenzodiazepines |
| Example of Nonbenzodiazepines: | Ambien |
| Ambien: | short-term use (2-3 weeks), cause fewer problems with abuse, dependence & rebound insomnia |
| Cause relaxation, antianxiety and hypnotic affects by suppressing the response stimuli | Benzodiazepines |
| Cautions with Benzodiazepines | do not take more than prescribed, caution with older adults because it stays in the body longer, can cause respiratory depression, amnesia, rebound insomnia & impaired motor function(falls) |
| Pharmacological approaches: nursing consideratios | Caution with glaucoma, COPD, renal or hepatic failure, avoid use with other CNS depressants, watch older adults for changes in continence, ambulation and alertness |
| Pharmacological approaches: contraindicated | pregnancy/lactation, severe resp disorder, severe liver/kidney disorder, hypersensitivity, alcohol/drug abuse, other CNS depressants |
Created by:
aeponton
Popular Nursing sets