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NP CH 24 CCC 105
NP Chapter 24 CCC PN105
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| When diagnostic tests are ordered, the nurse should (4 things) | Assess patient knowledge; Determine special nursing measures for patient safety; Assess wounds; Assess patient allergies |
| What allergy can indicate potential allergic reaction to iodine, used in medication, diagnostic tests, and wound cleaning? | shellfish |
| Hematology is | The study of blood and its components |
| CBC means | complete blood count |
| CBC can help determine | information about the state of health or presence of illness |
| Hematocrit (HCT) measures | the separate of blood and the amount of blood cells in relation to the amount of plasma |
| Hemoglobin (Hgb) measures | the capacity of blood to transport O2 from lungs to tissues |
| HCT normal range | 37-54 mL/dL |
| Hgb normal range | 12-18 g/dL |
| Platelets (PLT) are | essential to blood clotting |
| Platelet normal range | 150,000-400,000/mm2 |
| Where is blood glucose testing commonly performed? | at patient bedside or in physician office by nurse |
| What does blood glucose level determine? | Amount of insulin therapyh for diabetics |
| Blood glucose testing varies depending upon... | manufacturer guidlines for equipment |
| To test blood glucose levels, nurse will | fingerstick patient to obtain capillary blood |
| Blood Glucose normal range | 70-100 |
| Blood glucose testing procedure | have patient hang chosen hand downward; follow manufacturer directions for setting lancet and test strip; skin should be pierced deeply enough to provide free blood flow with little pressure; lightly squeeze finger and apply blood drop to test strip |
| Urinalysis testing determines | iinformation about kidney function or other body functions and diseases |
| Urine should be tested quickly after collection because... | urine deteriorates quickly |
| Urine composition varies depending upon... | fluid intake and diet |
| Urine specimens are classified as (3 types) | Single, cathetherized, or random; Midstream; Timed, long-period |
| To perform this type of urine collection: external genitalia are cleansed, small amount of urine is passed, and urine is collected midvoiding in sterile container | Midstream urine specimen |
| Midstream urine specimens are used for | urine cultures when a bladder infection is suspected |
| To perform this type of urine collection: collected of 12- or 24-hr period and container must be kept on ice or preserved | Timed, long-period urine specimen |
| Timed, long-period urine specimens are used for | determining kidney function and possible glomrulonephritis or acute tubular necrosis |
| For all urinalysis, this information is needed | where obtained (clean catch, cath, patient self, etc) |
| Bacteriology tests | blood, urine, feces, wound drainage, and other body fluids or tissues to identify disease-causing organisms |
| Aseptic technique must be used for which bacteriology tests? | culture and sensitivity |
| Histology is | the study of tissues |
| Cytology is | the study of cells |
| Histology and Cytology tests more commonly include | biopsies |
| Ultrasonography is | record of the reflection of sound waves directed into tissues |
| Ultrasounds diagnose pathologic condtions of the... | uterus, ovaries, prostate, heart, liver, kidneys, pancreas, gallbladder, lymph nodes, thyroid, eyes, and peripheral blood vessels |
| Ultrasounds are often used in conjunction with | nuclear medicine scans |
| Types of radiology procedures (3 types) | x-rays, fluroscopy, cineradiography |
| x-rays | produce image of denser tissues by passing rays through the part to expose a film |
| which is more common: x-rays, fluroscopy, cineradiography | x-rays |
| fluroscopy | used to sxamine movement; rays passed through a body part and projected on a fluroscent screen |
| cineradiography | adds a video camera to the fluroscent equipment to make a photographic record of the procedure |
| Computed Tomography Scan (CT Scan) | computer enhanced x-rays to allow examination of horizontal section of the body at various angles to define tissue density |
| CT scan colors indicate | different densities of organs |
| Most CT scans are invansive or non-invasive | Non-invasive, but consent may be required for scans using a contrast medium |
| Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) | non-invasive method of differentiating normal for abnormal tissue in the body |
| MRIs are commonly used for these body parts | brain, knee joints, spine, spinal cord, and abdominal organs |
| Patients with metal devices cannot use MRIs because.... | machine emits a strong magnetic field |
| MRI is contraindicated in patients with... | hip prostheses, implanted pacemakers, defribrillators, atrificial cardiac valves, vascular clips, or staples from recent surgeries |
| Claustrophobia is a common issue with this type of diagnostic procedure | MRI |
| To help calm patient before MRI, try... | deep-breathing and relaxation techniques |
| MRI patient teaching is important because | duration of tests can change and the environment is noisy |
| All invasive tests, premedication, or sedation require | patient consent |
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