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cognitive
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| a neurological disorder that interferes with normal brain development It affects the way sensory input is processed resulting in deficits in learning, reasoning, communication and social relationships,4x more prevalent in boys | Autism |
| It is a spectrum disorder because it differs in degree and severity along a continuum Left hemisphere dysfunction---language, reasoning, logic ------ savant syndrome | Autism |
| Four major areas of assessment in autism | Language Development Intellectual Development Interpersonal Relationships Motor Skills |
| Autism is present from birth but usually diagnosed between ___ and ___ months | 18 24 |
| The hallmark defining characteristic of autism | Failure to develop language |
| In autism many parents present with complaint that they believe their child is | deaf (motor behavior of covering their ears) |
| Pronoun reversal---I and You Delayed or absent language Language is such a clear defining characteristic that it is also a prognostic indicator. Failure to develop language by age 5 often hails a poor prognosis | Autism |
| frequently points or tugs on caregiver to get needs met,easily frustrated in great part related to inability to communicate | Autism |
| An initial complaint of parents is a lack of emotions, failure to bond, not wanting to be held, “appears to be in own world”, autistic aloneness | Autism |
| Poor coordination Tiptoe walking Peculiar hand movements ---- flapping and clapping Stereotyped body movements Prone to injury | Autism |
| Austism ND | Impaired verbal communication Social isolation Risk for injury |
| What is an important consideration in treatment with Tranquilizers in an autistic child | Major Tranquilizers interfere with the growth hormone—on 3 months, off one |
| decreases opiates in the brain. Shown to decrease self-injurious behavior but has no effect on language skills in autistic child | Naltrexone |
| Important NI with the Hospitalized Child with Autism | Thorough assessment of child’s routines vital necessity Involve parents Provide parents with needed respite |
| Resembles Autism but it is usually recognized later in childhood because there is normal language and communication development Severe disturbance in social interactions | Asperger’s Disorder |
| Usually does not manifest itself until age of 2 years after a period of normal development Bizarre behavior, symbolic communication, marked regression, possible hallucinations and delusions | Asperger’s Disorder |
| Observed only in females Development of severe neuro deficits after period of normal pre and post natal development Head circumference normal at birth but growth rate slows between 5 and 48 months. Progressive loss of previously acquired motor skills | Rett’s Disorder |
| No exact known cause Brain imaging does show changes in striatal region of the brain----reduced blood flow. Ritalin has been shown to increase blood flow to this area Excessive gross motor activity is a defining characteristic | ADHD |
| Major side effect is weight loss and delayed growth, a long acting drug that can be given once daily but most children on this need twice daily dosing, often needed to be given by school nurse. | methyphenidte HCL (Ritalin) |
| Similar to Ritalin but advantage is once daily dosing but can be given in divided doses. Black Box Warning: Some studies have shown children on this drug have increased risk of suicide Must monitor weight and growth similar to Ritalin. | Atomoxetine HCL (Strattera) |
| A disease that is characterized by progressive deterioration in cognitive functioning,exists on a continuum from mild to severe-- | Alzheimer’s |
| Alzheimer’s Assessment Defensive Behaviors | Denial Confabulation Perseveration Avoidance of questions |
| Alzheimer’s Disease Four defining characteristics | Aphasia Apraxia Memory Impairment Disturbances in Executive Functioning |
| Tertiary level of prevention Alzheimer’s | Safety Maintain optimal level of functioning Simple Structured environment Clear Communication ----multiple channels Family support |
| Alzheimer’s Medications | Tacrine (Cognex, THA) Donepezil (Aricept) Vitamin E Ibuprofen Estrogen |
| Neurological disease marked by motor and verbal tics Causes marked distress in social and occupational functioning May appear as early as age of 2 but most commonly occurs around age 7 | Tourette’s Disorder |
| Motor Tics Usually involve head. __________usually first symptom Change in location, frequency and severity over time | eye blinking |
| Verbal Tics Words and Sounds Coprolalia (uttering obscenities) | Tourette’s Disorder |
Created by:
troop27
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