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Patho Final
Pathology Study Guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Endometriosis | the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus on structures such as the ovaries, ligaments, or colon |
| Ectopic endometrium | responds to cyclic hormone variations, growing during the proliferation and secretory stages of the menstrual cycle. There is no exit point for the blood |
| Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) | (blank) |
| Trichomonas (Trich) | Caused by Trichimonas vaginalis, an anaerobic flagellated protozoa, and an extracellular parasite |
| Trichomonas s/s | yellowish foul-smelling discharge as well as inflammation and itching of the vaginal mucosa |
| Monillia/Candidiasis | A yeast infection caused by Candida albicans (Monillia) and usually occurs as an opportunistic superficial infection. |
| Myxedma | Severe Hypothyroidism in adults: refers to the nonpitting edema manifested as facial puffiness ad thick tongue. |
| Addison's Disease | deficiency of adrenocortical secretion, the glucocorticoids, mieralocorticoids, and androgens. Is an autoimmune reaction |
| Diabetes Insipidus | Deficit of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Clinical manifestations are polyuria, polydypsia, polyphagia |
| Insulin shock | Hypoglycemia is precipitated by an excess of insulin, which causes a deficit of glucose in the blood |
| Glyburide (Diabeta) | Hypoglycemic drug: stimulates the beta cells of the pancreas to increase insulin release. |
| Metformin (Glucophage) | Hypoglycemic drugs: Reduces insulin resistance by decreasing hepatic production and intestinal absorption o f glucose, and increasing sensitivity to insulin |
| Troglitazone (Rezulin) | Hypoglycemic drug: Increase tissue sensitvity to insulin |
| Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) | insufficient insulin, which leads to high blood glucose levels and mobilization of lipids. |
| Detached Retina s/s | light or dark floating spots in the visual field, darkened or blind area the increases with time (dark curtian). No pain related with tear. |
| Macular Degeneration | Occurs in fovea centralis in the macula lutes, with its high density of cones, at the central point of the retina. A membranous material grow over the retina preventing nutrients. Peripheral vision is not affected. Depth perception is affected |
| Grave's disease s/s | Frequently women over 30, r/t autoimmune disorder. Signs hypermatabolism, toxic goiter, and exophthalomos (protruding, staring eyes w/decreased blink and eye movement |
| Wilms Tumor | Premature growth of kidney cells in a fetus. Usually present as as one mass in one didey, but may be bilateral. |
| Cushings Disease s/s | obesity (moon face), heavy trunk, buffalo hump, and wasting of muscle in the limbs, fragile sking (red streaks), and increased hair growth. also DM |
| Polycystic Kidney Disease | Autosomal gominant genetic disease (C-16)Multiple cysts develop in both kidneys until first manifestations appear 40yo when chronic renal failure becomes symptomatic. |
| Nephrotic Syndrome | Massive edema associated with weight gain and pallor. |
| Glomerulonephritis | Flank or back pain develops as kidneys swell, decreased dark cloudy urine, facial/periorbital edema, General signs of inflammation including fatigue, h/a, anorexia, and nausea, evlevated BP |
| Urolithiasis (Stones) | stones are frequently asymptomatic, unless frequent infections lead occur. Flank pain, severe pain followed by n/v, cool moist skin, and rapid pulse |
| Kidney Function | Remove-waste, hormones, drugs, foreign material, regulate water, electrolytes, acid-base balance, secrete erythropoietin, activate V-D, regulate blood pressure through rennin-angiotensin-aldosterone system |
| Mononucleosis (kissing disease) | Diagnosed by the heterophil antiboy test (monospot) Manifestations include increase in lymphocytes, moncytes, rash on trunk, enlarged lymph nodes and spleen, sore throat, h/a, fever, fatigue, and malaise. |
| Pregnancy induced Hypertension | Persistent BP (140/90) develops after 20 weeks gestation. s/s high BP, protein in urine, edema of face hands, feet, and face. |
| The eye is divided into two cavities by the lens and ciliary body | Posterior cavity (vitreous humor) and Anterior cavity (aqueous humor) that supplies nutients to the lens and cornea that lack blood vessels |
| Myopia | Nearsightedness |
| Hyperopiea | farsightedness |
| Presbyopia | Farsightedness associated with aging |
| Astigmatism | Irregular curvature in the cornea or lens |
| Strabismus (squint or cross-eye) | results from a deviation of one eye, resulting in double vision (diplopia) |
| Nystagmus | involuntary abnormal movement of one or both eryes. |
| Diplopia (double vision) | paralysis of the upper eyelid ( ptosis) |
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