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Fats, Carbs, Protein
Nutrition
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Carbohydrates | Organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They are a very effective fuel source for the body. The different types of carbohydrates include starches, sugars and fibers. Contains 4 calories per gram. |
| Cholesterol | A type of fat that is a vital component in the production of many hormones in the body. The two most common types are HDL (good) and LDL (bad). |
| Fat | One of the macronutrients. It contains 9 calories per gram. There are two types, saturated and unsaturated. |
| Glycogen | The principal stored form of carbohydrate energy (glucose), which is reserved in muscles. |
| RDA | Recomended Dietary Allowence (amount of nutrients considered adequate 2 prevent deficiency) |
| Pyloric sphincter | separates stomach from small intestine |
| Fat | Is the concentrated energy source for the body. It insulates and helps to protect the body’s organs. It serves as a carrier for the fat-soluble vitamin A, D, E and K. |
| Disaccharides | these are made up of 2 sugar molecules. |
| Monosaccharides | Simple sugars. |
| Chemical Digestion of Protein | begins in stomach w/ the introduction of pepsin which breaks protein down into polypeptides. With addition of trypsin in the SI, proteins are broken down into amino acids. |
| Segments of the Small Intestine | Duodenum- Jejunum- Ileum |
| Segments of the Colon | Ascending- Transverse- decending |
| What amount of Physical activity prevents disease? | 30 Minutes |
| What amount of physical activity assist with health maintenance? | 60 Minutes |
| What amount of physical activity promotes weight loss? | 90 Minutes. |
| What is the RDA (Recommended Daily Allowance) of Trans Fat? | No set amount, Just as little as possible. |
| How many calories are in a gram of Fat? | 9 Calories |
| How many Calories are in a gram of protein? | 4 Calories |
| How many calories are in a gram of Carbohydrate? | 4 Calories |
| What organ is known as the powerhouse organ? | The Liver. Blood transports nutrients to this organ first, taken to the heart second. |
| What nutrients are a concern for Vegans? | Low Vitamin D, B12, Calcium, Omega 3, Iron, Zinc |
| Describe Marasmus | Lack of sufficient energy intake. Thin muscle like mass |
| Describe Kwashiorkor | Lack of protein while consuming adequate energy. |
| Positive Nitrogen Balance | Nitrogen produces new cells for growth and healing |
| Negative Nitrogen Balance | excreting more Nitrogen out than putting in. Found in eating disorders, starvation diets, surgery. |
| Mechanical Digestion is | Chewing Biting Swallowing Churning Peristalsis |
| Chemical Digestion is | Digestive secretions Gastric juices Enzymes |
| Peristalsis | radially symmetrical contraction and relaxation of muscles which propagates in a wave down the muscular tube |
| Functions of the Stomach | Store food- produces gastric juices- produces hormones- breakdown food chemically and mechanically-releases gastric protease- Produces and excretes intrinsic factor- destroys pathogenic bactiera. |
| Describe Lecithin | It's an emulsifier, found naturally in soy beans, egg yolks, mayo. Prevents separation of fat and oil |
| Partially Hydrogenated Oil in an ingredient list means the food contains | Trans Fat. Decreases HDL, Increase LDL |
| What foods contain cholesterol? | Animal, beef, fish, eggs, milk, cheese. Plant foods do not contain cholesterol. |
| Sources of Monosaturated fatty acids | Red Meat, avocados, nuts, whole milk products |
| Sources of Saturated fats | butter, lard, cheese, cream. Contributes to atherosclerosis |
| What are the functions of Protein? | Helps to build and repair, and replace cells and tissue. Produces hormones, and antibodies. Aids in hemoglobin transportation. Aids in hair and nail growth. |
| What foods are a part of MyPlate? | Fruits, Grains, Vegetables, Protein, Dairy |
| How often are dietary guidelines are published | Every 5 years |
| What are Micro villi? | helps enhance absorption |
| What are Villi? | increases mucosa layer and helps absorption |
| Function of fat | Makes food taste better, smell better, makes us crave foods, |
| Dietary Cholesterol food intake limit should be less than _______ per day | 300 mg |
| What are Complete Proteins? | Contain all 9 essential Amino Acids. Has enough quantity, best support maintenance and growth in our body. EX: Soybean |
| What are incomplete Proteins? | Lack 1 or more of the 9 essential Amino Acids. EX: plant foods, vegs, grains. |
| What hormones are produced by the pancreas? | insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide |
| What hormones are produced by the stomach? | Gastrin- pepsin |
| What are the three classifications of Lipids? | Triglycerides- phospholipids- sterols |
| What is soluble fiber? | it dissolves and thickens substances. decreases blood cholesterol. Found in pectin, gums, oatmeal, beans, apples, soy, pears, bananas, oranges, grapes. |
| What is insoluble fiber? | Does not dissolve in fluids. helps with digestion and regularity. Found in whole grain, brown rice, popcorn, whole wheat flour, whole wheat pasta, broccoli |
| High source of daily nutrition | 5% or more |
| What is a nutritionist? | professional who has earned a degree in nutrition in foods |
| Registered Dietitian | trained in management and completed internship |
| Chemical Digestion of fats begins in the _______ | Stomach Gastric Glypaste breaks down trigylerides into fatty acids. |
| Chemical Digestion of protein begins in the _______ | Stomach when Pepsin in secreted. |
Created by:
dgreen158
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