Question | Answer |
critical thinking | 1.sort information
2.look at what already known
3.think of ways to solve |
perceive | what you think is going on by what you see |
perception | process what you have seen and internalize it |
pandemic | countries or lots of people affected |
holistic | looking at the whole body |
naturopathic | treatment of the whole body with all natural meds such as herbs, 15 states license these doctors |
osteopathic | looks at musculoskeletal system, treats with manipulation and meds (MDs) |
homeopathic | stimulates body to heal itself like mind control, exercise |
WHO, world health organization | works with lots of nations to promote good health & get rid of disease also maintains ICD-9 |
ICD-9 | diagnosis for insurance coding |
US Department of Health & Human Services | protect American's from disease |
CDC, Centers for Disease Control in Atlanta, GA | clearing house for information |
US Army Research Institute of Infectious Diseases | protect military personal, does research, looks at biological threats |
National Institute of Health | looks at way to improve health in many medical programs |
Health Industry Councils | organize in a region, makes sure everyone in particular area is being treated and taken care of |
ADN | 2 year degree nurse |
DSN | 4 year degree nurse |
MSN | 5 or 6 year degree nurse |
staff privileges | peer review, doctor has to go through review then committee makes sure doctor legit and recommends |
ambulatory care | minor surgery, walk in for surgery and leave that night |
physician assistant | can write prescriptions and work under doctor supervision, cannot practice alone, must be licensed |
nurse practitioner | can work independently from doctor |
Doctor's care | see everything, usually urgent care |
New Horizon | clinic based on patient's ability to pay |
Medical Technician | 4 year degree |
Medical Lab Technician | 2 year degree |
CLIA | clinical laboratory improvement act, sets standards for what test can be done based on degree |
audiologist | identifies patients who have hearing, balance, and related ear problems |
cardiovascular technologist | diagnostic exams and therapeutic interventions of heart & blood vessels, invasive & noninvasive |
therapeutic recreation specialist | use leisure to enhance health, functional abilities, independence, & quality of life |
physical therapist | helps improve patient mobility, relieve pain, and prevent or limit permanent physical disabilities |
pharmacy technician | assists licensed pharmacists by performing duties that do not require the expertise of a pharmacist |
dietetic technician | integrates & applies science of food, nutrition, biochem, food mgmt, behavior to maintain health |
anesthesiology assistant | assists in developing and implementing the anesthesia care plan |
specialist in blood bank technology | performs routine and standardized tests in blood center and transfusion services |
diagnostic medical sonographer | uses equipment that produces sound waves, resulting in images of internal structures |
kinesiotherapist | implement exercise to reverse/less debilitation & enhance functional capacity of med stable patients |
occupational therapist | purposeful activity+interventions for functional outcomes to max independence+maintenance of health |
orthoptist | evaluates disorders of vision, eye, movement, and eye alignment |
physician assistant | practices medicine under supervision of a medical doctor or doctor of osteopathy |
surgical technologist | prepares the operating room by selecting and opening sterile supplies |
respiratory therapist | evaluates+treats+manages patients of all ages with respiratory illnesses and cardiopulmonary disorders |
athletic trainer | provides services such as injury prevention, assessment, and rehabilitation |
medical technologist | performs tests to detect and diagnose various diseases and works closely with pathologists |
emergency medical technician | provides medical care to patients who have suffered an injury or illness outside the hospital setting |
health information specialist | formulates strategic, functional, and user requirements related to the processing of health data |
nuclear medicine technologist | uses radioactive+stable nuclides to evaluate anatomic/physiologic conditions of body |
empathy | sensitivity to the individual needs and reactions of patients |
reflection | process of considering new information and internalize it to create new ways of examining info |
learning style | developed method for perceiving and processing info |
abstract perceivers | individuals who learn by analysis, observation, and reflection |
abstract learners | analyze new material as ideas that require thought to process |
concrete perceivers | learn through direct experiences of acting, sensing, or feeling the new material |
concrete learners | prefer to learn things that have personal meaning or things they feel are relevant, rely on detailed info |
new material can be processed by two methods | active processors
reflective processors |
active processors | prefer to jump in+do immediately, look for practical ways to apply new material and dont mind risks |
reflective processors | prefer to observe and consider what going on, spend time thinking and learning before acting |
stage 1 learners - concrete reflective style | want to know purpose of info and have personal connection to content, learn well in study groups |
stage 2 learners - abstract reflective style | eager to learn, material relates to their lives, enjoy lectures and reading |
stage 3 learners - abstract active style | experiment w.info, prob solve+ decision make+hands-on+alone/small groups, lack focus+hasty decisions |
stage 4 learners - concrete active learners | concerned how to make difference, strengths leadership+vocal+think fast+teach, learn best in group |
time management skills | 1.determine your purpose
2.identify your main concern
3.be organized
4.stop procrastinating
5.remember you |
conflict management with peer, instructor, or co-worker | attempt to solve the conflict in a private place at a prescheduled time |
study skills | memory techniques, active learning, brain tricks, reading methods, and note-taking strategies |
spider map | shows multiple main ideas with supporting details |
fishbone map | used to describe causes of disease |
chain of events map | shows the cause and effect of events |
test-taking strategies | adequate preparation+controlling negative thoughts+understanding ways to manage questions |
active search for truth | critical thinking |
key to critical thinking | reflection |
accreditation | organization recognized for adherence to standards of accrediting agency |
advent | coming into being or use |
allopathic medicine | effort to counteract symptoms of disease w.treatments that produce effects opposite to symptoms |
alternative medicine | variety therapeutic/preventative healthcare practices alternatives to mainstream medicine, like chiropractic, homeopathy, naturopathy, and herbal meds |
amenities | contribute to comfort, enjoyment, or convenience |
case management | assessing and planning patient care, including referral+follow-up, to ensure quality management |
credentialing | extending professional privileges, process of verifying and evaluating |
fermentation | enzymatically controlled transformation of an organic compound |
indicators | important point/group of statistic values that indicate quality of care provided in healthcare facility |
indicted | charged w.crime by findin/presentment
of jury according to due process of law |
indigent | totally lacking in something of need |
innate | existing in/belonging to/determined by factors present in an individual since birth |
innocuous | having no effect adverse or otherwise harmless |
mysticism | experience of seeming to have direct communication with God or ultimate reality |
PROs, peer review organizations | group of med reviewers contracted by CMS to ensure quality control+medical
necessity of services provided |
CMS | Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services |
philanthropist | individual who makes active effort to promote human welfare |
putrefaction | decomp of animal matter that results in foul smell |
standards | items/indicators used as measure of quality/compliance with statutory or accrediting body policy+regulations |
subluxations | slight misalignments of vertebrae or partial dislocation |
treatises | systematic expositions/arguments in writing+methodic discussion of facts+principles+conclusions reached |
study of anatomy reaches back to? | dawn of recorded history |
Greek and Roman mythology have contributed a major portion of our? | medical terminology |
several medical terminology originate from? | Bible |
borrow medical terminology liberally from? | Arabic, Anglo-Saxon, Germanic |
human head rests on the first cervical vertebrae which is called? | atlas |
famous Greek Titan condemned by Zeus to bear the heavens on his shoulders? | Atlas |
Aphrodite Greek goddess of love+beauty source of name for drugs to enhance sexual arousal called? | aphrodisiacs |
Roman goddess of love Venus is associated with lustful desires+ medical terms named after her? | portion of female anatomy mons veneris (mons pubis) and venereal disease |
goddess of health Hygeia has origin with modern word? | hygiene |
Panacea goddess of healing and restorer of health modern definition? | remedy for all ills and difficulties |
staff of Aesculapius adopted by Medical Association as symbol of medicine and? | common medical icon depicts serpent encircling staff+signifies art of healing |
Caduceus belonged to Hermes messenger of gods thought to have magic powers and? | misused as med profession symbol+use by Army med Corps staff encircled by 2 serpents with wings at top |
drugs+surgery+other treatments based on theories about body used as early as? | 5000 BC |
first advocate of preventative meds+considered first public health officer? | Moses in 1205 BC |
known as Father of meds | Hippocrates |
Prince of Physicians considered Father of Experimental Physiology+ first experimental neurologist | Greek named Galen who migrated to Rome in AD 162 |
establishment of Universities led to a study of? | theories of disease rather than observation of the sick |
the academies provided freedom of? | expression, exchanging ideas, development of scientific thought |
one of the earliest academies | Royal Society of London formed in 1662 |
In U.S. medical education was greatly influenced by? | John Hopkins University Medical School in Baltimore, Maryland established in early 1890 |
Andreas Vesalius 1514-1564 was a Belgian anatomist known as? | Father of Modern Anatomy |
Gabrielle Fallopius 1523-1562 was a Italian student of Vesalius who named? | many parts of the human anatomy |
English physician William Harvey 1578-1657 revealed in 1628? | that the blood's motion is a continuous cycle |
Anton van Leeuwenhoek revealed? | the unseen world of microorganisms |
Marcello Malpighi 1628-1694 pioneered? | use of microscope in study of plants and animals |
Marcello Malpighi 1628-1694 described most important discovery in history of science in 1661? | pulmonary+capillary network connect smallest arteries with smallest veins |
English scientist John Hunter 1728-1793 is known as? | Founder of Scientific Surgery |
syphilitic chancre is sometimes called? | hunterian chancre |
Edward Jenner 1749-1823 considered one of the immortals of preventative meds for his development of? | smallpox vaccine |
Austrian physician Leopold Auenbrugger 1722-1809 developed the use of? | use of percussion in diagnosis |
Rene Laennec 1781-1826 was a French physician who developed? | stethoscope in 1819 |
puerperal fever/puerperal sepsis/childbed fever | infectious disease that can be contracted during childbirth |
puerperal | women in childbed |
puer | latin meaning child |
pario | latin meaning bring forth |
puerperium | period from delivery to time uterus returns to normal, about 42 days after childbirth |
Hungarian physician Ignaz Phillip Semmelweis 1818-1865 was called what by history | Savior of Mothers |
Frenchman Pasteur 1822-1895 did brilliant work as chemist but his studies in what made him famous | bacteriology, known as Father of Bacteriology and Father of Preventative Medicine |
Joseph Lister 1827-1912 revolutionized surgery by his understanding of? | similar infections in postsurgical wounds+process of putrefaction+proved
microorganisms caused these |
honored as Father of Sterile Surgery | Joseph Lister 1827-1912 |
Robert Koch 1843-1910 set theory of rules that must be followed before? | organism can be accepted as the causative agent in given disease+this transformed health dept |
who introduced many of the tools used in labs | Robert Koch 1843-1910 |
Paul Ehrlich 1854-1915 pioneered the fields of? | bacteriology, immunology, chemotherapy |
Paul Ehrlich 1854-1915 greatest gift to humanity was called formula 606 designed to fight? | syphilis |
Paul Ehrlich 1854-1915 formula 606 drug tried brought healing and called slavarsan why | because he believed it offered humankind salvation from syphilis |
Crawford Williamson Long 1815-1878 was first to use? | anesthetic agent |
what is ether? | intoxicant similar to nitrous oxide and functions as soporific or sleep inducing agent |
Wilhelm Konrad Roentgen 1845-1923 professor of physics at University of Wurzburg, Germany discovered? | x-ray in 1895 while experimenting w. electric currents passed thru sealed glass tubes |
although Wilhelm Konrad Roentgen 1845-1923 called his finding x-ray history honored him calling it? | roentgen ray |
Marie and Pierre Curie discovered what in 1898 | radium from their work in radioactivity |
Marie discovered what | radium and polonium |
Florence Nightingale 1820-1910 is known as founder of? | nursing and is fondly called the Lady with the Lamp |
In 1860 Florence Nightingale 1820-1910 founded what | Nightingale School and Home for Nurses in London which marked begin of professional nursing education |
American Clara Barton 1821-1912 efforts to remedy poor record keeping led to? | formation of Bureau of Records |
American Clara Barton 1821-1912 organized what in 1881 | Red Cross Committee in Washington, original formation of American Red Cross+served as its 1st president |
Elizabeth Blackwell 1821-1910 first woman in U.S. to receive? | Doctor of medicine degree from a medical school |
Lillian Wald 1867-1940 social worker and nurse founded? | Henry Street Settlement in New York City |
City Municipal Board of Health established the world's first public school nursing system when? | one of Lillian Wald nurses was assigned to city's public schools in 1902 |
Margaret Sanger 1883-1966 became leader of birth control movement and established? | first American birth control clinic |
Margaret Sanger 1883-1966 advocated research into hormonal contraception bc of? | newfound concern about population growth+research led to development of birth control |
Walter Reed Army pathologist+ bacteriologist proved? | yellow fever was transmitted by bite of mosquito |
Canadian physician Sir Frederick Grant Banting isolated insulin for treatment along with? | Canadian physiologist Charles Herbert Best |
Sir Alexander Fleming discovered what | penicillin accidentally |
Dr Taussig collaborated with Dr Blalock to develop lifesaving operation for children born with? | cyanosis "blue babies" |
African American Viven Thomas surgical research tech to Dr Blalock did? | stood over Dr Blalock's shoulder for his 1st blue baby operation+advised bc he did surgery several times (this happened at a time African-Americans werent allowed on main floors of hospital) |
John Edward Salk and Albert Sabin almost eradicated? | poliomyelitis once the killer and crippler of thousands in the U.S. |
German surgeon Werner Frossman originated a cardiac technique called? | catheterization which is used in diagnosis and treatment of heart disease |
South African surgeon Christiaan Barnard performed first? | human heart transplantation in 1967 |
Swiss born psychiatrist Dr Elizabeth Kubler-Ross wrote best selling book on? | Death and Dying which helped professionals and lay-persons alike understand understand stages of grief |
Dr David Ho considered by many to be one of most brilliant minds today helped piece together? | puzzle of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) |
Dr Eve Slater served as Assistant Secretary for Health at U.S. Dept of Health+Human Services (DHHS) and? | spearheaded approval of major meds+ became 1st women appointed chief resident in med at Mass.Gen.Hospital |
Dr C Everett Koop during terms as U.S.Surgeon Gen.became proponent of tobacco awareness and articles? | her excellent articles spanned variety of subjects |
Dr Anthony Fauci leads research efforts on immune-medicated disorders
+scientific leadership resulted in? | major advances in several diseases such as polyarteritis nodosa and Wegener's granulomatosis |
Many of Dr Anthony Fauci studies now relate to? | HIV+body's response+ways to improve treatment+prevention+development of an HIV vaccine |
Dr Antonio Novello was first women+ Hispanic honored w.post of Surgeon General+played key role in? | writing warning labels on cig packs+promotion of National Organ Transplant Act+contribution UNICEF |
UNICEF | United Nations Children's Fund |
Dr Antonio Novello inducted into? | National Women's Hall of Fame+served as New York State's health commissioner |
acute care hospitals | intensive care+ED+trauma dept+equipped to handle most severely ill+injured patients |
subacute care hospitals | care for those who dont require extensive services but still need hospital supervision+treatment |
specialty hospitals | offer specific services such as psychiatric hospital |
teaching hospitals | learning environment+often have research depts+part of medical schools, interns,residents |
community hospitals | care in rural areas/specific areas within metropolis |
regional hospitals | usually acute care facilities+serve large area where intensive care may not be offered in local communities |
private hospitals | run by corporation/other organization+designed to produce profit for owners/stockholders |
nonprofit hospitals | exist to serve community in which they are located+normally run by board of directors |
nonprofit | sometimes misleading bc "profit" is different from "making money" |
county hospital | used to designate hospital in which indigent patients are taken |
today many people w/o insurance go to ED or ER for routine illness+if patients have no other options? | ED physicians become primary care providers |
triage performed by physicians+nurses+other licensed med professionals to? | determine those w.most severe conditions+who to see first |
the admissions dept gathers info and enters it into? | computer for use by rest of hospital staff |
the lab provides diagnostic testing on? | blood+body fluids+tissues+radiology/
nuclear med dept offers diagnostic imaging+radiographic services |
respiratory services dept offers broad spectrum of? | diagnostic tests+various treatments |
most hospitals have physical medicine+rehab dept which offers? | physical+occupational therapy |
dietary dept employs professionals who? | carefully plan menus to meet needs of each patient served |
most modern hospitals have surgery dept+many offer day surgery services that? | allow patients to undergo procedure+ return home same day if they recover as expected |
social services works with patients to ensure? | continuity of care+patient education+
social intervention, all assists w. emotional+economic+social concerns |
occupational health centers | concerned w.helping patients return to work+productive activity |
freestanding rehabilitation centers | assist patients w.wide range of services |
pain management centers | help patients deal w.discomfort associated w.their condition |
sleep centers | diagnose+treat people w.sleep problems |
freestanding urgent or emergency care centers | provide patients with alternative to hospital EDs |
day surgery | performed in hospitals+has continued to provide alternatives to overnight hospital care after surgery |
office based surgery accreditation offered by? | Ambulatory Care Accreditation Program of the Joint Commission |
rehabilitation services may be obtained from? | acute care hospitals+rehabilitation hospitals+various ambulatory rehabilitation facilities |
dialysis centers offer services to patients with? | severe kidney disorders |
other types of ambulatory care facilities | centers that provide MRI+student health clinics+dental clinics+
endoscopy centers+community health centers+mobile health services+
podiatric care centers+women health centers |
most attractive option to traditional nursing homes? | assisted living+provides 24-hour supervision+broad range of services appx $1k-$3kmonth |
independent retirement facilities offer? | residents the opportunity to come and go as they please |
diagnostic laboratories offer? | testing services for patients referred by their physicians |
POLs | physician office laboratories |
OSHA | organization+division of the U.S.
Dept of Labor that enforces many laws related to workplace safety |
home healthcare offers? | home care+therapy services+admin & assistance w.medications so care needed can be found at home |
medical suppliers are retail operations that offer? | all types of medical devices and products |
DME | durable medical equipment |
medical practices today organized into 3 types of business structures? | sole proprietorship+partnership+
corporation |
sole proprietor | holds exclusive right and title to all aspects of medical practice |
partnership agreement | 2+ physicians elect to associate in the practice of medicine |
group practice | body of 3+ physicians who engage in full-time practice in formally organized+recognized entity |
corporation | artificial entity having legal+ business status that's independent of shareholders or employees |
MDs Medical Doctors | considered allopathic physicians+ are most widely recognized type of physician |
intern | medical student still in training at medical school but treating patients under supervision of licensed doctors |
residency | graduate of medical education program+often specialist+usually paid in training hospital position |
DOs Doctors of Osteopathy | use meds+surgery as well as OMT (osteopathic manipulative therapy) in treating their patients |
DCs Doctors of Chiropractic | typically thought of as bone docs but focus on nervous system to help patients live healthier lives |
one of the most common fields of alternative medicine | Chiropractic |
hospitalists | physicians whose primary professional focus is gen. medicine care of hospitalized patients |
may be excellent alternative to regular physician | hospitalists |
two basic types of dentists in U.S. | DMDs Doctors of Dental Medicine
DDSs Doctors of Dental Surgery |
orthodontics | specialist dentists that perform straightening |
endodontics | specialist dentists that perform root canal therapy |
OD optometrist | trained+licensed to examine eyes to test visual acuity+treat vision defects |
ophthalmologists | licensed MDs |
PhD | doctor of philosophy degree in field of expertise |
PsyD | Doctor of psychology |
EdD | Doctor of Educational Psychology |
Nurse anesthetists | registered nurses (RNs) who administer anesthetists during care by qualified health professionals |
RN registered nurses | many nurses manager in hospitals or other types of healthcare facilities
+provide direct patient care |
LPNs licensed practical nurses | offer beside care assisting w.the day-to-day personal care required by inpatients |
LVNs licensed vocational nurses | offer beside care assisting w.the day-to-day personal care required by inpatients |
MT Medical technologists | perform diagnostic testing to assist the physician in arriving at a diagnosis |
MLT Medical laboratory technician | performs much of the same tests as MTs but works under MT not independently |
RTs radiology technicians | use various machines to help the physician diagnose and treat certain disease |
all actions are under an ethical microscope and must be? | professional+accurate+performed in competent manner |