Question | Answer |
Name the 9 diff, types of heart disease? | Coronary heart disease,congenital heart disease, rheumatic heart disease ,acute coronary syndrome,angina pectoris, peripheral artery disease,metabolic syndrome cerebrovascular disease (stroke) |
what is the #1 killer of women of all ages? | Cardiovascular disease |
what is coronary heart disease?and what can it result in? | Arteriosclerosis-thickening and hardening of artery wall. Can result in mycoardial infarction (heart attack, Embolus/Thrombus |
What is acute coronary syndrome? | when the heart does not get enough blood flow (heart attack, unstable attack) |
what is congestive heart failure? | weak heart muscles that cannot perform the pump function with proper vigor. (happens with older people) |
what is cerebrovascular accident (stroke) | cerebral infarction, when blood vessels to and from the brain become damaged. |
Name the 3 types of stroke and their causes? | ischemic stroke-most common type and caused by a cerebral thrombus/embolus
hemmorrhagic stroke- caused by ruptured blood vessels, such as an aneurism
Transient Ischemic stroke- warning signs of stroke |
what are some non-modifiable and modifiable risk factors due to stroke. | NM-advancing age (including menopause) hereditary of family history, biological sex, ethnicity or race
M- smoking, obesity,high cholesterol, diabetes, hypertension, unhealthy diet |
what is metabolic syndrome? | group of conditions that occur together and cause CVD. |
what are some warning signs of a heart attack? | chest pain or pressure,pain spreading to shoulder, neck, or arm. fainting sweating, nausea |
what are some warning signs of a stroke? | weakness or numbness of face, arm, leg (especially on one side of body). Confusion loss of speech, trouble understanding speech. |
why are women such a special case in regards to CVD? | widespread misconceptions, underdetection, women more likely to die of heart attack. |
what is cancer? | uncontrolled and abnormal growth of cells. |
what is the 2nd leading cause of death for women overall? | Cancer |
define tumor | any abnormal growth of cell |
what is Malignant vs. Benign? | Malignant- cancerous
Benign- not cancerous and does not spread |
what is metastasis? | spreading throughout the body |
what are carcinogens? | any cancer causing substances |
What is the difference from carcinoma and sarcoma? | carcinoma-begins in tissue lines or covers the organ
Sarcoma- originates in the connective tissue(muscle/bone) |
What is Leukemia, Lymphoma, and Melanoma | Leukemia is cancer in the blood
Lymphoma is in the immune system
Melanoma is skin cancer |
Cancer Staging- What does the TNM system stand for? | T-size of tumor
N-involvement of nearby lymph nodes
M-metastasis |
Describe the 4 general stages of cancer | Stage 1-cancer caught earli in situ (localized)
Stage 2 & 3- locally advanced, and/or involvement of lymph nodes
Stage 4- extremely advanced cancer,has spread (metastasized) throughout body. |
What are the top 3 women deaths from cancer? | Lung, breast, and colon. |
what is early detection for cancer? | Screening which is secondary prevention. |
what are some causes of cancer? | growing older, cigarette smoking, diet, viruses, alcohol consumption, genetic, environmental |
What is the leading cause of cancer death in women? | Lung cancer |
What is the second leading cancer killer of all women and the first leading cancer killer of African American women? | Breast cancer |
_ in _ women will develop breast cancer | 1 in 8 |
why are all women at risk for breast cancer? | because the two main risk factors are being a women and aging. |
What is a lumpectomy and partial or segmental mastectomy? | lumpectomy- when cancerous lumps and small amounts of tissue are removed
partial and segmental mastectomy- removal of some breast tissue and surroundings |
What is a radical and modified radical mastectomy? | radical- removing breast and other muscles and lymph nodes
modified-removal of the breast only not lymph nodes or wall muslces |
what are the ABCDE's of skin cancer? | Asymmetry, BBorder, Colour, Diameter, and Evolution |
What are some skin cancer risk factors? | Lighter natural skin color, blue and green eyes, blonde or red hair,history of sunburns |
Another name for uterine cancer? | endometrium cancer |
what is chronic disease? | ongoing, long lasting, reocurring |
What are the BIG ONE's of chronic diseases? (hint 6 of them) | heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, obesity,arthritis, cancer |
what are some examples of chronic diseases? | Alzheimer's, MS, Arthritis, Exama |
what are some disparities in chronic disease for women? | -chronic disease affect women more than women
-lupus afflicts women 9x's more often than men
-hypothyrodism is 50x's more common in women |
What is Type 1 & 2 diabetes and gestational diabtes? | Type 1-(IDDM)Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus,autoimmune,body attacking itself antibodies destroying insulin.
Type 2-(NIDDM)Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Insulin resistence it doesnt work well.
Gestational diabetes-2-5% pregnant women |
explain how diabetes works? | food is turned into glucose (which is the fuel for cells, then insulin takes glucose from bloodstream and gives energy to cells |
What are some risk factors for diabetes? | having a first degree relative with it, being overweight, hypertension,being African American, Hispanic, American Indians/Alaskan natives |
What are some symptoms of diabetes? | Type 1-frequent urination, unusual thirst,extreme hunger, unusual weight,extreme fatigue,blurred vision,
Type 2-(same as type1,frequent infections,cuts are bruises that are hard to heal |
What is osteoporosis? | decrease in bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue |
What is resorption and formation with osteoporosis? | Rsorption- removes older bone
Formation- replaces with new bone |
What are Non modifiable and modifiable risk factors for osteoporosis? | NM-being a female Increased age menopausa, small frame, white or Asian
M-diet low in calcium and vitamin D, sedentary lifestyle, cigarette smoking, estrogen deficiency |
what is Arthritis? | inflammation of joints |
what are the different types of arthritis? | Osteoarthritis- degenerative joint disease
rheumatoid- chronic inflammatory disease
Gout-excess uric acid in the body |
what are some modifiable and Nm risk factors for arthritis? | NM- Age, gender, genetics
M-Overweight, obesity,injuries, infection, occupation |
What are autoimmune diseases? | when the immune system forms antibodies that target healthy tissues and organs, (immune system attacking itself) |
Define Thyroiditis? | inflammation of the thyroid gland |
what is Hypothyrodism & Hyperthyrodism? | Hypo-underactive thyroid (Hashimoto's disease)gain weight
Hyper-overactive thyroid (Graves disease)lose weight |
What is Alzheimer's disease | irreversible, progressive brain disorder, results in memory loss,behavior, and personality changes. |
Risk factors for Alzheimer's disease? | NM-age,female gender, genetic background, FAD
M-kifestyle,severe or repeated head injuries, lower education levels, environmental agents |