Question | Answer |
The salt water ______________ when poured into the glass containing cold tap water. | collected at the bottom |
At which latitudes are the highest surface salinities located? | 20o to 30o |
3
0 out of 2 points
Evaporation and temperature are the two factors that control the concentration of salts in seawater. | False |
Of the two oceans, which ocean has the higher average surface salinities? | Atlantic |
In general, salinity will ___________ with depth in the equatorial and tropical regions and will __________ with depth at high latitudes. | decrease, increase |
Below the halocline, the salinity of ocean water will ____________. | remain fairly constant |
Your observations of the warm water poured into the glass of cold water tells you that the warm water is _______________. | less dense |
At high latitudes ____________ surface temperatures and ____________ surface densities are found. | cold, high |
Temperature decreases most rapidly with depth at ___________ latitudes. | low |
Below the thermocline, the temperature of ocean water ____________. | remains fairly constant |
An echo sounder operates by measuring the time required for a ________. | sound pulse travels from a ship to the seafloor and back |
Large estuaries are more common on a ________ coastline. | submergent |
Which one of the following is NOT part of the continental margin? | continental trench |
The gently sloping submerged surface extending from the shoreline toward the deep ocean is termed the ________. | continental shelf |
The daily tidal range is LEAST during ________ tide. | neap |
When waves reach shallow water, they are often bent and tend to become parallel to the shore. This process is termed ________. | refraction |
Which one of the following would most likely be covered with thick turbidite layers? | deep-sea fan at the base of a continental slope |
A ridge of sand projecting into a bay and often having a hooked end is a ________. | spit |
The continental rise is located ________. | between an abyssal plain and continental slope |
Which one of the following structures is built to protect boats from large breaking waves? | breakwater |
The energy that drives surface ocean currents such as the Gulf Stream comes from ________. | prevailing winds |
The movement of sand parallel to the shore ________. | all of these |
A flat, bench-like surface cut in rock along a coast is a ________. | wave-cut platform |
Which of the following is designed to prevent or retard shoreline erosion? | all of these |
An isolated remnant of wave erosion is a ________. | sea stack |
Minerals that crystallize directly from seawater are examples of ________. | hydrogenous sediment |
Fetch refers to ________. | a large expanse of open water over which the wind blows and generates waves |
Which one of the following salts is most abundant in seawater? | sodium chloride |
A sand bar that completely crosses a bay, sealing it off from the open ocean is a ________. | none of these |
The crests of mid-oceanic ridges ________. | contain active rift zones |
Chesapeake Bay and Delaware Bay are ________. | all of these |
Fetch is ________. | none of these |
Concerning the distribution of land and water, which of the following statements is true? | the Southern Hemisphere has much more water surface than the Northern Hemisphere |
One result of wave refraction is that wave energy is concentrated ________. | on headlands projecting into the water |
Which ocean has the greatest average depth? | Pacific |
Seamounts ________. | are volcanoes that form on the ocean floor |
A sand ridge connecting an island to the mainland or to another island is a ________. | tombolo |
The daily tidal range is GREATEST during ________ tide. | spring |
Waves begin to "feel bottom" when the depth of water is ________. | equal to one-half the wavelength |
Because of the Coriolis effect, surface ocean currents are deflected to the ________ of their path of motion in the Southern Hemisphere. | left |
It is thought that submarine canyons on the continental slope have been generated by ________ | turbidity currents |
How do calcareous oozes form? | the particles are precipitated in warm, surface waters and sink to the bottom |
Which one of the following is a landform created by wave erosion? | sea arch |
Submarine canyons are found on the continental slope and are believed to have been created ________. | none of these |
The movement of water within the surf zone that parallels the shore is termed ________. | longshore current |
The oceans cover approximately ________ percent of Earth's surface. | 70 |
Because of the Coriolis effect, surface ocean currents are deflected to the ________ of their path of motion in the Northern Hemisphere. | right |
The ________ Ocean is largest. | Pacific |
The presence of which one of the following would indicate that the land had been uplifted or that sea level had fallen? | elevated marine terrace |
The BEST definition of the outer edge of the continental shelf is that point where ________. | a rapid steepening of the gradient occurs |
________ develop where oceanic lithosphere bends downward and sinks into the mantle. | Deep ocean trenches |
Which one of the following concerning mid-ocean ridges is false? | sediments include thick siliceous ooze deposits and sandy turbidite beds |
Which one of the following would you NOT associate with turbidity currents? | formation of seamounts |
Manganese nodules are an example of ________. | hydrogenous sediment |
A poleward-moving ocean current is ________. | warm |
Which of the following is a tidal current? | both flood and ebb tide |
Which of the following is associated with ocean ridges? | all of these |
The zigzag movement of sand grains along a beach is ________. | both caused by obliquely breaking waves and called beach drift |
Sediments derived primarily from the products of weathering on the continents are called ________. | terrigenous sediment |
Which of the following is NOT true of deep ocean trenches? | they are geologically very stable |
Earth receives energy from the Sun in this way. | radiation |
Which one of the following is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere? | nitrogen |
Fifty percent of the gases making up the atmosphere are found below ________. | 3 ½ miles (5.6 km) |
Which one of the following statements is true about the equinoxes? | days and nights are equal in length everywhere |
Which are mechanisms of heat transfer? | all of these |
The two most important heat absorbing gases in the lower atmosphere are ________. | water vapor and carbon dioxide |
The storage of heat in the lower layer of the atmosphere produced by certain heat absorbing gases is called the ________. | greenhouse effect |
The 90 angle solar rays are striking the Tropic of Cancer on ________. | June 21 |
Which one of the following latitudes best represents the location where the Sun is directly overhead at noon on April 21? | 8>N |
Ozone filters out most of the ________ radiation in sunlight. | ultraviolet |
Which one of the gases listed below is more important meteorologically (that is, is more important in weather processes) than the others? | carbon dioxide |
The wavelengths of radiation emitted by Earth are ________. | longer than those emitted by the Sun |
The tropopause is the boundary between ________ | the troposphere and stratosphere |
With which of the following is dust in the atmosphere associated? | all of these |
The lowest layer of the atmosphere is the ________. | troposphere |
On the AVERAGE, for every 1 km increase in altitude in the troposphere, the air temperature ________. | drops about 6.5C |
On this date the length of daylight gets progressively longer as you go further south from the equator. | December 21 |
On the average, how much of the Sun's energy that is intercepted by Earth is reflected back to space? | 30% |
The North Pole has a higher noon Sun angle than New York City on this date. | none of these |
At noon on February 21, the Sun is overhead ________. | at some point between the Tropic of Capricorn and the equator, heading northward |
The spring equinox in the Northern Hemisphere occurs on ________. | March 21 |
Practically all clouds and storms occur in this layer of the atmosphere. | troposphere |
The triatomic form of oxygen (O3) is known as ________. | ozone |
Ozone is concentrated in the ________. | stratosphere |
A very important control of the DAILY range of temperature is ________. | the amount of water vapor in the air |
The cloud form that is best described as sheets or layers that cover much or all of the sky is termed ________. | stratus |
The cloud form that consists of globular cloud masses that take on a billowy or "cauliflower-like" structure is called ________. | cumulus |
This term is used to describe clouds found in the middle height range. | alto |
High clouds that form delicate veil-like patches or extended wispy fibers are termed ________. | cirrus |
This term is used to describe clouds that produce precipitation. | nimbo |
These clouds are often called "fair weather" clouds. | cumulus |
This cloud sometimes produces "mare's tails." | cirrus |
This cloud type is confined to the middle height range. | altostratus |
Hail is most commonly associated with ________. | cumulonimbus |
A wintertime form of precipitation that consists of small ice particles is called ________. | sleet |
This fog forms in valleys at night. | radiation fog |
When warm moist air moves over a cold surface, ________ fog may result. | advection |
Which one of the fogs listed below may be categorized as an evaporation fog? | steam |
The amount of water vapor in the air (by volume) usually does not exceed ________. | 4% |
When using a psychrometer and the two temperatures read nearly the same, you can conclude that ________. | the air has a high relative humidity |
Under what circumstances could the relative humidity exceed 100% without producing condensation in the air? | there are no condensation nuclei |
The most important process of cloud formation in the atmosphere is ________. | cooling by expansion of air |
If air at sea level with a temperature of 27C is forced up a mountain slope and the air's dew point at the condensation level is 14C, at what elevation will condensation begin? | 1300 meters |
Which of the following would NOT be associated with stable atmospheric conditions? | afternoon thunder showers |
Deserts such as the Great Basin, Gobi, and Takla Makan are examples of ________. | rainshadow deserts |
The change of state from a gas to a liquid is called ________. | condensation |
The term ________ is used to describe the conversion of a solid directly to a gas, without passing through the liquid state. | sublimation |
The process by which water vapor changes directly to a solid is called ________. | deposition |
This process results in the release of about 600 calories of latent heat per gram of water. | condensation |
Please answer the following questions using the data provided:
H20 vapor content: 14grams
H2O vapor capacity: 20grams at 25 degrees Celsius
14grams at 20 degrees Celsius
10grams at 15 degrees Celsius
What is the dew point for the conditions listed a | 20C |
Standard sea level pressure in millibars is | 1013 mb |
Standard sea level pressure in inches of mercury is ________. | 29.92 inches |
Which of these instruments is NOT used to measure air pressure? | anemometer |
Question 4
1 out of 1 points
An altimeter is an adaptation of the ________. | aneroid barometer |
Which of these factors influence the magnitude of the Coriolis force? | both wind speed and latitude |
Lines on a weather map connecting places of equal air pressure are called ________. | isobars |
Closely spaced isobars often indicate ________. | high winds |
A steep pressure gradient ________. | produces strong winds |
Widely spaced isobars often indicate ________. | light winds |
In the Northern Hemisphere, the winds associated with a low pressure system (cyclone) blow ________. | counterclockwise and toward the center |
In the Northern Hemisphere, winds associated with a high pressure system blow ________. | clockwise and outward from the center |
If Earth were not rotating ________. | air would move directly from high to low pressure |
Upper air winds ________. | are generally faster than surface winds |
High air pressure systems are usually associated with ________. | all of these |
In the Southern Hemisphere, the winds associated with a low pressure system blow ________. | clockwise and toward the center |
If "fair" weather is approaching, the pressure tendency would probably be ________. | rising |
If stormy weather is approaching, the pressure tendency would probably be ________. | falling |
Most of the United States is situated in which zone of prevailing winds? | westerlies |
Another name for the area of subtropical highs is ________. | horse latitudes |
This pressure zone is associated with abundant precipitation and warm temperatures. | equatorial low |
When are upper air winds fastest? | in winter |
A Santa Ana (or Chinook or Foehn) wind is a ________. | very dry, warm wind flowing down a mountain slope |
A sea breeze usually originates during the ________. | day and flows toward the land |
Fast moving currents of air found near the top of the troposphere are called ________. | jet streams |
What is the technical name for a high pressure center? | anticyclone |
The station model above describes a pressure of 1099.6 millibars. | False |
An increase in temperature usually results in an increase in pressure. | False |
Isobars are usually drawn for every _________ millibar change in pressure. | 4 |
The larger the pressure gradient, the ____________ the winds. | stronger |
On the diagram above, winds along line AB traveled from _____________.
(Refer to the map in your lab printout for the isobars). | southwest to northeast |
Wind along line ____ will travel faster than wind along line ____. | AB, CD |
How many pressure centers did you identify in the model you created from the data above? | 2 |
According to the compass, air would flow from _____ to _____ in the model you created from the data above. | west; east |
Between which two cities would the winds be the strongest in the model above? | Denver and Indianapolis |
Which city is closest to the low pressure center? | Indianapolis |