Question | Answer |
zygote | ferized cell created by the union of the egg and sperm. |
embryonic stem cells | -created during earliest diviion.
-potenetial to become any type of cell. |
determination | obtain istruction (DNA) to become a specific cell.
-stem cell genes program the cell to be specific type.
-few weeks into development.
-irreersble. |
differentiation | obtain parts to become specific cell.
-cells acquire the structure and function of a specialized cell.
-specific genes are activated. |
4 types of tissues:group of cell. | -muscle tissue ( contraction cell, skeleton)
-connection tissue (support the body; bone, fat, tendon)
-epitheliai tissue (protection sheet of cells; skin, stomach lining)
-nerve tissue (transmit slectirc signals; brain and spinal cord) |
organ | groups of tissues (lung contains each tissue) |
organ system | group of organs working together (digestive system) |
organism | group of organ systems work together. |
homeostasis | process where the body maitains a constant internal environment. |
sensors (aka receptors) | gather info about the body. |
communication center | message sent throughtout the body. |
control center | recieves info from the sensors. |
targert | body part changes its activity. |
negative feedback | reverses the change back |
positive feedback | speeds up the change. |
thermoregulation | maintenance of the body temperature. |
many organ system working together like... | -skin: sensors provide feedback to brain.
-nervous and endocrine system: send messages to/from the brain.
-muscle: start to shiver.
(part of thermoregulation.) |
homeostasis desrupetion | some changes can be too great for your body to control (ex: frost bite) |
long term diabetes: | -normally (good); *glucose in blood rises after meals *pancreas releases insulin *cells remove the glucose.
-type 1 (bad); *immune systems destorys pancreas cells *pancreas unable to make insulin *blood pH decreases as glucose builds up |
type 2 diabetes | (bad); *pancreas does not make enough insulin *blood pH decreases as glucose build up. |
nervous system | network of connected cells, tissue, and organs. controls thoughts, movement, life processes. |
nueron (aka neeve cells) | transfer electriv impulses to/from the brain.
3 main parts; cell body, dendrites, axon. |
cell body | contains nucleus and organelles |
dendrites | branches that receive messages from neighboring cells. |
axon | extension that carries messages away from the cell body. |
resting potential | neurons at rest.
neuron exterior is positive in charge due to abundance od Na+ outside. |
action potential | electrical impulse is triggered. |
front end of impulses... | -channels open and allow Na+ to enter the cell
-negative impulses attracted towards positive Na+. |
back end of impulse... | -channels open to allow K+ to exit the cell.
-interior returns to normal. |
na+ | sodium (positive) |
K+ | potassium (negative) |
synapse | gap between neurons. |
what is the problem of synapse? | impulse cannot cross the gap. |
what is the solution of synapse? | nuetrotransmitter proteins sent from one cell to another. |
what are the steps to synapse? | -impulses reaches neuron's terminal (end)
-vesicle releases neurotransmitters.
-neurotransmitters attach to receptors on neighbor
-new impulse created. |