| Flap 1 |
Flap 2 |
| What is the historical definition of physiologoy? | Study of function - How does it work? |
| The study of living systems is what type of definition for physiology? | Mechanistic Definition |
| What type of an approach veiws the human as more than just a sum of his/her parts? | Vitalism |
| Why is physiology important? | 1. Be able to understand the human body 2. Diagnosis 3. Explanations 4. Treatment 5. Understanding research and applications to your practice |
| What percentage range of the body is composed of water? | 55% - 80% |
| The average % of water compostion for the adult body is? | 56% |
| Normal full hydration is what percentage of water composition? | 72% |
| The american surgeon general states ___________ is the next major medical problem in the U.S. | Obesity |
| What country is the most obese population in history? | U.S. |
| If you were to cash in the total amount of elements in your body to pay for your Chiropractic Education what dollar amount would you receive? | $3.86 |
| What ration of the bodies water is extracellular? | 1/3 |
| What ration of the bodies water is intracellular? | 2/3 |
| Water within the body is in constant motion via ________? | Osmosis |
| What are the main ions found in extracellular and intracellular fluid? | Na+, K+, Cl- |
| Other than Na+, K+, Cl- what else is found in extracellular and intracellular fluid? | Nutrients, O2, Glucose, Fatty Acids, Amino Acids, Cellular Waste Products such as: CO2, H+, and large amounts of Heat. |
| What nutrients are found in intracellular fluid? | O2, Glucose, Fatty Acids, and Amino Acids |
| Who came up with the concept of Homeostasis? | Claude Bernard |
| What is homeostasis? | The maintenance of constant internal conditions - Temp., pH, osmolality, fluid vol., blood gasses, nutrition, waste removal, metabolism, ion concentrations, etc. |
| What regulates homestasis? | 1. Nervous Control 2. Endocrine Control 3. Reproduction 4. Intrinsic Control |
| What is the function of intrinsic control? | Trys to maintain the same position |
| How many homeostatic controls are in the human body? | Thousands |
| What is the function of homeostatic controls? | Maintain intra and extracellular environments |
| How are Homeostatic Controls regulated? | Negative Feedback, Positive Feedback, and Feedforward |
| How many systems maintain blood circulation? | 9 |
| How many systems maintain ion concentration? | 22 |
| The more systems that maintain a particular function - the more important that function is. What is the purpose of having numerous systems governing 1 function? | It provides a fail safe in that if one of the sytems is impaired than the body can still carry out normal funcion through the remaining systems |
| Which regulatory method acts like a thermostat? | Negative Feedback |
| What is the measure of effectiveness of a system? | Gain |
| How is Gain calculated? | Compensation / Study State Error |
| What is the % effeciency of body temp. regulation? | 93% - 97% |
| What type of regulatory method makes compenstaions before changes actually occur? | Feedforward or Adaptive - this requires two or more sensors |
| Name two examples of feedforward or adaptive mechanisms? | 1. Temp. regulation 2. pH regulation |
| What type of homestatic control system is the least common in the human body? | Positive feedback |
| A stimulus to increase stimulus that leads to an event which stops the process describes what type of regulatory method? | Positive feedback |
| What is most common cause of positive feedback mechanisms? | Typically a pathological cause |
| Name 3 examples of nonpatholgical types of positive feedback mechanisms? | 1. Blood Clot Formation 2. Parturtion (childbirth) 3. Generation of neural impulses |
