Question | Answer |
Mechanoreceptors | Touch & pressure are from free nerve endings deform or displace tissues |
Meissner's Corpuscles | Light touch pressure sensor |
Pacini Corpuscles | Heavy touch pressure sensor |
Proprioception | Sense of position or orientation of the body, Rate of movement one body part to another |
Thermorceptors | Located immediately under the skin, most on the lips, least on the broad surfaces body trunk |
More cold or hot receptors | 10x more cold receptors than hot |
location of most thermoreceptors | on the lips |
Nociceptors | Pain free nerve endings stimulated by tissue damage, skin & tissues of the internal organs, they don't adapt & will continue to make you feel pain even when stimulus stops |
Gustatory | Sense of taste a chemoreceptor, Thalmus controlled to parietal lobe |
parts of Gustatory (taste) | Taste Buds, Papillae, taste pore, taste hairs (microvilli) |
2 types of Gustatory nerves | facial nerve and glossapharyngeal nerve |
Name general senses | Touch, Pressure, Temperature, Pain, Proprioception (position/orientation) |
Chemoreceptor | Chemical (chemical changes in taste & smell) |
Mechanoreceptors | pressure (bending/deforming cell/tissue) in joints, hearing, equilibrium) |
nociceptors | pain receptor (tissue damage) |
thermoreptors | temperature (heat & cold) |
Photoreceptors | light energy (vision) |
receptor detector (chain/steps) | Stimulus-receptor dectection-CNS to interpret |
Odors | pleasant/unpleasant, unnoticed after a time, can result in nausea |
cold adaptation | cold/hot abruptly then the receptors adapt (ex cold water in pool) |
Headache | referred surfaces of the head, or menignes & blood vessels, sinuses, eyes |
Bitter Taste | highest degree of sensitivity, reject it, poisons and toxins |
Blinking | eye blinks 6-30 times/min, stimulates lacrimal glands to secrete tears to lubricate across the eye |
Corneal transplant | readily accessible, easy to remove, avascular (no bleeding)less rejection, long term success (one of the 1st organs xplant) |
Pupils | Dialate during problem solving, or if subj is appealing, reflexes reflecting interest or emotional state, Restrict if boring repulsive |
Detaached Retina | sensory portion breaks away, Trauma or eye disorder, resulting in distored vision eventual blindness, reattach via laser Sx |
Color Blindness | absence or def in cones, common red/green, inherited > males |
Ruptured Eardrum | perforated by shock waves from explosion, scuba, trauma, acute middle ear infections, acute pain, noise, hearing impairment |
Motion Sickness | nausea/vomiting, resulting repetitive/ excessive stimulation of equilibrium receptors some are more suseptible than others |
name 4 different taste receptors and where they are located on the tongue | Salty (tip of tongue) Sweet (just behind tip of tongue), Sour (sides of middle of tongue) Bitter (back of tongue left to right) |
Bony Socket (bony orbit)does what for the eye? | Protects it |
Accessory Structures do what for the eye? | protect and move the eyes |
Eye brow function | keeps perspiration out of the eye, it can cause irritation |
Eyelids function | open and close the eye, keep foreign objects out |
Conjuctiva | keeps the eye from drying out, thin mucous membrane that lines the eyelid,covers most of the eye except the cornea |
Muscles associated with the eyelid | Orbicularis Oculi, (closes the eye) & Lavator Palpebrae Superioris (opens the eye) |
Eyelash function | helps trap foreign particicles |
Sebaceous glands | associated with eyelashes) secrete oily fluid that lubricates the region (inflamation is a stye) |
Lacrimal Gland does what | produces tears |
Sclera is what | whites of the eyes (= 5/6 of the eye) |
Cornea | "window of the eye" transparent layer outside of the eye |
Choroid | vascular brown pigmented layer posterior of eye |
Iris | colored part of the eye |
pupil | doughnut shaped diapharagm (lets in/out light) dialates and constricts |
Retina | "visual part of the eye" innermost layer of the eye, posterior, contains rods & cones |
Optic Nerve | Visual impulses to the brain |
Rods | low light vision (night vision) |
Cones | color vision |
Type of sight chart most used | Snellen |
Color Chart | Ishihara |
OD | Right Eye |
OS | Left Eye |
OU | both eyes |
Aqueous Humor | liquid maintains shape of eye & provides nutrients (front of eye shape, eye pressure) |
Vitreous Humor | presses retina to the wall of the eye, supports internal shape, provides nutrients (eyeball shape) |
Refraction | the bending of light rays |
accomodation | adjustment to the vision of the eye |
Auditory | sense of hearing |
AD | Right Ear |
AS | Left Ear |
AU | both ears |
External ear also known as | Auricle or Pinna |
Fleshy part of ear | Auricle or Pinna |
Otitus Externa | Swimmer's Ear |
Tinitus | ringing of the ears |
Otinius Media | middle ear infection |
Tympanic Membrane | think membrane middle ear, vibrates with stimulus |
3 bones inside ear | Malleus, Staples, Incus |
Eustachian Tube | aka Auditory tube; connects ears to throat |
Bony Labryrinth - itis | infection of the inner ear |
Cochlea | snail like coil inner ear (bony labyrinth) functions in hearing |
cerumen | ear wax |
Meniere's disease | lifelong chronic inner ear disease, recurring attachks, dizziness, loss, tinnitis |
Tinnitus | ringing or buzzing in the ears |
Vertigo | Feeling of dizziness, loss of balance, room spinning |
Blepharitis | inflation of the edges of the eyelid |
Glaucoma | increased pressure in the eye, if untreated blindness |
Macular Degeneration | breakdown of cells in macula lutea, central vision (older people) |
Nyctalopia | night blindness |
Otosclerosis | formation of bony tissue around oval window immobilizing stapes (ear) results in deafness |
Presbycusis | impairment of hearing from aging |
Presbyopia | impairment of vision from againg |
Sensorineural deafness | noise related ear damage to the cochlea (pathway to cortex cerebelum) |
Tympanitis | inflammation of the tympanic membrane |
Quiz: The _______ is the white portoion of the eye | SCLERA (watch the spelling) |
Quiz: The _______ is the colored part of the eye. | IRIS |
Quiz: Medical term for middle ear infection | Otitinus Media |
Quiz: Medical term for ear wax | Cerumen |
Quiz: This gland produces tears | Lacrimal |
Quiz: Medical term for Swimmer's Ear | Otitus Externa |
Quiz: The external is called the | Auricle or Pinna |
Quiz: Stimulated by heavy pressure | Pacini's corpuscle |
Quiz: The sense of sight can be classified as: | Photoreceptor |
Quiz: OD | Right Eye |
Quiz: How many feet should a patient stand away from the snellen chart when testing for visual acuity? | 20 feet |
Quiz: The sense of smell can be classified as | chemoreceptiors |
Quiz: Important in sensing light discrimination touch stimuli | Meissner corpuscle |
Quiz: Receptors for color vision | cones |
Quiz: Fluid that helps maintain shape of anterior part of th eeye | Aqueous humor |
Quiz: Olefactory means | smell |
Quiz: Medication used to treat conjunctivitis | Eyrthromycin |
Quiz: Regulates amount of light that enters the eye | Pupil |
Quiz: Which of the following taste buds are located in the back of the tongue? | Bitter |
Quiz: Connects the middle ear to the throat | Eustachian tube |
Quiz: The cochlea is located in the | Inner Ear |
Quiz: Transmits sound to the cochlea | Ossicles |
Quiz: Location of the ossicles | Middle ear |
Quiz: Disease of the eye characterized by increased intraocular pressue, which can lead to blindness | Glaucoma |
Quiz: The eardrum is also called the | Tympanic Membrane |
Quiz: The sense of balance occurs in the | Semicircular canals & the vestibule |
Quiz:Ringing in the ears is called | Tinnitus |
Quiz: Medication used for dizziness | Meclizine |
Bonus Quiz Question: name the 3 occicles | Malleus, Incus, Stapes |