| Question | Answer |
| What kind of precautions do you take with AIDS? | Standard Precautions |
| What Causes the AIDS Virus? | HIV. You can have HIV but not have AIDS |
| What part of the immune system does the AIDS virus attack? | The T4 lymphocytes which are critical in the immune process because they trigger other immune cells to Act? |
| What are 4 ways that the AIDS virus can be transmitted? | 1) Sexual Contact
2) Exchange of body fluids
3) IV drug use
4) May be passed in breast milk |
| Name the 6 opportunistic infections that can occur as an result of AIDS? | - Pneumocystis Carinii
- Tuberculosis
- Viral Pneumonia
- Bacterial infections
- Fungal Infections
- Neoplastic Diseases (Tumors) |
| This type of infection which is typical in AIDS is a protozoan infection and it treated with Pentamidine? | Pneumocystis Carinii |
| This type of infection is caused by Mycobacterium, can be tested by using Acid fast bacilli and is treated with Isoniazid (INH) and Rifampin | Tuberculosis |
| This type of infection is caused by Cytomegalovirus and Often coexists with pneumocystis carinii | Viral Pneumonia |
| In AIDS patients, this type of infection is caused by Streptococcus or Haemophilus influenzae and is treated with with penicillins (unless they become resistant or allergic) | Bacterial infections |
| This type of infection is caused by either Histoplasmosis, Coccidiodomycosis, Candida albicans,Aspergillus and is treated by using either Amphotericn B, or Nystatin? | Fungal Infections |
| This type of disease is typical in AIDS patients and is caused mainly by Kaposi Sarcoma – (a type of Skin Cancer) | Neoplastic Diseases (Tumors) |
| What are the common diagnostic Tests to determine AIDS? | - ELISA stands for: Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay
- Western blot test
- A CBC test to determine leukopenia (aka: decreased WBC) with an infection |
| Treatment will consist of these two parts? | 1) Supportive therapy (counseling, education, oxygen therapy,)
2) Medications |
| Name the 4 drugs that can be administered for HIV drug therapy? | 1) AZT (azidothymidine)
2) Retrovir
3) Zidovudine
4) Dedeoxyinosine (DDI) or Videx |
| This type of Pneumonia is frequently undiagnosed? | Nonbacterial Pneumonia |
| What are the 3 Key signs of bacterial pneumonia? | 1. Expectoration of yellow sputum
2. Increased White Blood Cell count
3. Presence of Fever |
| Aspiration pneumonia results in what type of anatomic alterations? | - alveolar consolidation
- atelectasis
- inflammation of the alveoli |
| What term applies to the filling of alveolar spaces as a result of pneumonia? | Effusion |
| The expression "walking pneumonia" is generally applied to patient with what typed of pneumonia? | Mycoplasma pneumoniae |
| The most commonly found bacterial cause for pneumonia is: | Streptococcus pneumoniae |
| Your patient has been hospitalized for 2 weeks and has a tracheostomy tube. Her secretions have a sweet smell and are green in color. What is the most likely organism causing her infection? | Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
| A 75-year-old patient has had a stroke leaving him with dysphagia. What type of pneumonia is he at risk of developing? | aspiration |
| A patient with the common cold and associated chest infection would be treated with all of the following EXCEPT:
A. antibiotic
B. bed rest
C. ample fluids
D. over-the-counter cold and cough medicine | A. antibiotic |
| As the respiratory therapist, you have given supplemental oxygen to a patient with pneumonia. What would cause the patient to be hypoxemic?
1. Diffusion defect
2. Capillary shunting
3. Alveolar consolidation
4. Hypoventilation | B. 2, 3
Pneumonia causes hypoxemia because of alveolar consolidation and related capillary shunting. A diffusion defect is found in patients with pulmonary fibrosis. Because of hypoxemia, patients with pneumonia will hyperventilate, not hypoventilate. |
| A patient with severe pneumonia can be expected to have the following:
1. chest pain
2. tachycardia
3. hemoptysis
4. cyanosis
A. 4
B. 2, 3
C. 1, 2, 4
D. 1, 2, 3, 4 | D. 1, 2, 3, 4 |
| When auscultating over an area of pneumonia, what breath sound can be expected?
A. Hyperresonance
B. Wheezing
C. Bronchial
D. Vesicular | C. Bronchial -Bronchial bs are heard in pneumonia pt with consolidation. Hyperresonance is a percussion note heard over an area of pneumothorax. Wheezing is heard when asthma pt is having bronchospasm. Vesicular bs are only heard over normal lung areas. |
| usually happens to pregnant women, Associated with asperiation pneumonia, can have tachycardia, cynaosis, dyspnea | Mendelsohn's Syndrome |
| The expression "walking pneumonia" is generally applied to a patient with what type of pneumonia? | Mycoplasma |
| In the absence of a secondary bacterial infection, lung inflammation caused by the aspiration of gastric fluids usually becomes insignificant in approximately how many days? | 3 days or 72 hours |
| What is the most common viral pulmonary complication of AIDS? | cytomeglovirus |
| Because of hypoxemia associated with pneumonia, what respiratory care treatment may be needed? | oxygen |
| Atelectasis is particularly common in this type of pneumonia? | Aspiration |
| Almost always the cause of acute epiglottitis? | Hemaphillus influenza |
| What term applies to the filling of alveolar spaces as a result of pneumonia? | effusion |
| This type of infection is found in Human GI tract & likes wet environment? | Pseudomonas Aeruginosa |
| Name the 3 kinds of Atypical infections? | a. Legionella pneumophila
b. Rickettsiae
c. Mycoplasma |
