| Question | Answer |
| _______ soft flexible conn tissue needed for flexibility and firmness | cartilage |
| ___ is dense and composed of haversian system ( osteons) | Compact bone |
| ____ contain spiracles of yellow and red marrow | Spongy bone |
| ___ builds bone | osteoBlast |
| ______ destroys bone, bone resorption | osteoclast |
| _______ ______ cartilage replace by bone | endochondral ossification |
| _____ immovable joints | sutures |
| ___ join bone to bone | ligament |
| ___ join muscle to bone | tendon |
| muscle cell aka | fiber |
| ______ membrane around individual muscle cell | endomysium |
| membrane around the bundle of muscle cell | perimysium |
| membrane around the muscle organ/ belly gaster | epimysium |
| _______ bundles of filaments in the muscle fiber | myofibril |
| Myofibrils contain contractile units | sarcomeres |
| sarcomeres have _____ thin filaments and ___ are the thick filament | actin, myosin |
| A band | dArk band, where thick and thin overlap is darkest |
| I band | lIght band, only thin filament |
| H zone | has only thick filaments, is the middle of A band |
| during contraction only _____ are reduced | H zone and I bands |
| neuromuscular junction | b/t nerve terminal and sarcolemma/ muscle fiber |
| ________ released at neuromusc junction | Ach, acetylcholine |
| hows contraction initiated in a muscle | - nerve signal open Ca channels in synaptic bulb
- ACh release in synaptic cleft
-Ach binds to receptors on sarcolemma
-surge of Na in and K out
- voltage gate open cuzing action potential
- sarcoplasmic reti release Ca
-Ca causes contaction of sar |
| all or none respose | stimuls must be at threshold value to elicit a contraction |
| simple twitch | response of a single muscle fiber to a stimulus above threshold |
| tetanus | stong and prolonged contraction in response to frequent stimuli |
| smooth muscles perform | involuntary actions |
| smooth muscles controlled by | Autonomic nervous system |
| smooth muscle characteristics | 1 nucleus
no striations |
| cardiac muscle are | striated
1 or 2 nuclei |
| _____ maintains oxygen supply in muscles, has high affinity to Oxygen | myoglobin |
