Question | Answer |
The lymphatic system is a? | circulatory system |
The lymphatic system transports the fluid called? | lymph |
The fluid that escapes (seeps) from capillaries into tissue spaces is called? | interstitial fluid |
The result of insufficient draining of interstitial fluid is? | edema |
Concentrations of lymph vessels are called? | lymph nodes and lymph glands. |
The lymphatic system consists of? | 1. Lymph |
The lymphatic system consists of? | 2. Lymph vessels. |
The lymphatic system consists of? | 3. Lymph nodes. |
The lymphatic system consists of? | 4. Tonsils |
The lymphatic system consists of? | 5. Spleen |
The lymphatic system consists of? | 6. Thymus gland |
The lymphatic system consists of? | 7. Peyer's patches. |
The lymphatic system consists of? | 8. Red bone marrow. |
Lymph nodes are the shape of? | beans |
Lymph nodes are found? | along the length of the lymphatic system. |
The three ares of lymph node concentrations are? | 1. Cervical (neck)
2. Axillary (armpits)
3. Inguinal or iliac (groin). |
The primary functions of the lymphatic system are? | 1. Drain fluid from tissue spaces that escape (oozes) from capillaries. |
The primary functions of the lymphatic system are? | 2. Transport fats from the digestive system to the blood. |
The primary functions of the lymphatic system are? | 3. Produce lymphocytes |
The primary functions of the lymphatic system are? | 4. Develop immunities. |
The circulation of lymph through the lymph vessels is maintained by normal? | skeletal muscle contractions. |
Swelling of the lymph nodes is called? | lymphadenopathy. |
The three groups of tonsils are the? | 1. Palatine tonsils
2. Pharyngeal tonsils.
3. Lingual tonsils. |
In these positions the tonsils form a protective ring against? | harmful microorganisms that might enter the nose or oral cavity. |
The palatine tonsils are located in the? | tonsillar fossa between the paryngopalatine and glossopalatine arches on either side of the posterior os of the oral cavity. |
The pharyngeal tonsils are AKA? | adenoids. |
The spleen _______is shape? | oval (calzone). |
The spleen is the? | single largest mass of lymphatic tissue in the body. |
The pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids) are located close to the? | internal orifice of the nasal cavity (nasopharynx). |
The lingual tonsils are located on the? | posterior surface of the tongue at its base. |
The spleen is located in the? | superior left corner of the abdominal cavity. |
The functions of the spleen include? | 1. Filters the blood to phagocytize bacteria, worn out platelets (thrombocytes), and erythrocytes (RBCs) |
The functions of the spleen include? | 2. Release hemoglobin (Hgh.) from the worn out erythrocytes (RBCs) |
The functions of the spleen include? | 3. Acts as a reservoir for blood. |
The functions of the spleen include? | 4. Produces lymphocytes. |
The Peyer's patches are AKA? | aggregated lymphatic follicles. |
The Peyer's patches resemble? | tonsils |
The thymus is a bilobed mass of lymphatic tissue located in the? | mediastinum. |
The Peyer's patches are found in the walls of the? | small intestines (duodenum, jejunum, and ilieum). |
The Peyer's patches are responsible for preventing bacteria from? | infecting and penetrating of the walls of the small intestine. |
The function of the thymus is the maturation of? | T lymphocytes (T cells). |
The thymus reaches maximum size during? | puberty and decreases in size as we age. |
Red bone marrow is found in the? | 1. Sternum |
Red bone marrow is found in the? | 2. Vertebrae |
Red bone marrow is found in the? | 3. Ribs |
Red bone marrow is found in the? | 4. Ilia |
Red bone marrow is found in the? | 5. The proximal and distal portions of each humerus and femur. |
Red bone marrow is the site of stem cells that are ever capable of? | dividing and producing blood cells (hematopoiesis). |
Antibodies are immune proteins that bind to antigens and? | tag the antigens for destruction by the immune system. |
Antibodies are? | specialized. |
Specialized means that? | only a specific antigen (virus, bacteria, fungus, etc.) will be attacked. |
Some of these cells become leukocytes such as? | 1. Monocytes (phagocytic) |
Some of these cells become leukocytes such as? | 2. Neutrophils (phagocytic). |
Some of these cells become leukocytes such as? | 3. Basophils (release histamine). |
Some of these cells become leukocytes such as? | 4. Eosinophils (toxins, helminths). |
Some of these cells become leukocytes such as? | 5. Lymphocytes (produce antibodies). |
Antibody production is the only mechanism that can? | defeat a viral infection. |
Other B lymphocytes (B cells) become dormant and are responsible for a more? | potent and rapid antibody response during subsequent exposures to the same antigen. |
Lymphocytes are categorized as? | 1. B lymphocytes (B cells)
2. T lymphocytes (T cells) |
The B lymphocytes (B cells) mature in the? | bone marrow |
Some B lymphocytes (B cells) produce? | antibodies. |
These dormant B lymphocytes (B cells) are called? | memory cells. |
Memory cells are responsible for a? | lasting immunity. |
Types of antibodies include? | 1. IgG |
Types of antibodies include? | 2. IgM. |
Types of antibodies include? | 3. IgA. |
Types of antibodies include? | 4. IgD. |
Types of antibodies include? | 5. IgE. |
Ig stands for? | immunoglobulin. |
Administration of an attenuated for inactivated antigen is called a? | 1. Vaccination. |
Administration of an attenuated for inactivated antigen is called a? | 2. Inoculation. |
Administration of an attenuated for inactivated antigen is called a? | 3. Immunization. |
Booster immunizations are designed to stimulate the production of more? | memory B cells. |
The B lymphocytes (B cells) will develop antibodies when? | 1. A person contracts a pathological antigen. |
The B lymphocytes (B cells) will develop antibodies when? | 2. A person is exposed to an attenuated or inactive pathological antigen. |
MMR stands for? | measles (rubeola), mumps (parotitis), and rubella (German measles). |
Common trade name for the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine include? | Priorix, Tresivac, and Trimovax. |
Attenuated means that the antigen has been? | cripples |
Inactivated means that the antigen is? | dead. |
An attenuated or inactivated antigen does not cause disease but will? | trigger that B lymphocytes (B cells) to produce antibodies. |
OPV (IPV) stands for? | oral (inactivated) polio vaccine |
DPT Stands for? | diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus. |
Common trade names for the diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus (DPT) vaccine include? | DTaP -age 1-7 (Daptacel)
Tdap -booster (Adacel,Boostrix) |
VZV stands for? | varicella zoster virus. |
The varicella zoster virus (VZV) causes? | chickenpox. |
A common trade name for the varicella zoster vaccine is? | Varivax. |
MCV stands for? | menigococcal vaccine. |
The meningococcal vaccine (MCV) prevents? | bacterial meningitis. |
HAV stands for the? | hepatitis A virus. |
Common trade names for the hepatitis A vaccine include? | Havrix and Vaqta. |
Common trade names for the meningococcal vaccine (MCV) include? | Menomune and Menactra. |
MCV4 is recommended for ages? | 2 through 55 |
MPSVA4 is recommended for ages over? | 55 |
HBV stands for the? | hepatitis B virus. |
Common trade names for the hepatitis B vaccine include? | Hepatovax, Energix B, and Recombivax HB. |
Hib stands for? | haemophilus influenza b vaccine |
The haemophilus influenza b vaccine (Hib) prevents? | bacterial meningitis. |
PPV stands for? | pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. |
The pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV) prevents? | pneumococcal pneumonia and meningitis. |
Herpes zoster is also known as? | shingles |
A common trade name for the herpes zoster vaccine is? | Zostavax. |
Common trade names for the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV) include? | Prevnar, Penumovax 23, and Pnu-Immune 23. |
RV stands for? | rotavirus. |
The rotavirus (RV) causes profound? | diarrhea in infants and children. |
A common trade name for the rotavirus (RV) vaccine is? | Rota Teq. |
HPV stands for? | human papilloma virus. |
The human papilloma virus (HPV) can cause? | genital warts. |
A common trade name for the human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine is? | Gardasil. |
The last case of smallpox was in? | 1977 |
The smallpox vaccine is not? | routinely administered. |
A blood test used to determine the amount of a specific antibody present is called an? | antibody titer. |
CD8 T lymphocytes (killer cells) destroy body cells that have been invaded by viruses and? | destroys cancer cells. |
CD4 T lymphocytes (helper cells) increase the activity of? | killer cells, stimulate B lymphocytes (B cells), and activate monocytes. |
A CD4 T lymphocyte count less than 200 indicates the transition from the? | human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) |