Question | Answer |
The oral cavity refers to the? | mouth |
Two structures located at the posterior portion of the oral cavity are the? | Palatine tonsils |
The tonsils are? | lymph tissue |
Lymph tissue is part of your? | immune system |
The nasal cavities refer to the? | nose |
The two meati of the nasal cavities are called? | nostrils or external nares. |
The hairs found lining the nasal cavities act as? | screening devices. |
The nasal cavities are separated by the? | nasal septum |
The nasal cavities house the sense of smell referred to as the? | olfactory sense |
The nasal cavities are lined with? | mucous membranes. |
Mucous membranes produce? | mucus |
The pharynx is AKA? | throat |
The oropharynx refers to the ? | oral cavity (mouth) and pharynx (throat) |
Nasopharyngeal means? | pertaining to the nasal cavity (nose) and pharynx (throat) |
The adenoids are located in the? | nasopharynx |
The adenoids are? | lymph tissue |
Lymph tissue is part of your? | immune system |
The nasopharynx also houses two ducts that lead to the middle ears called ? | Eustachian tubes. |
The function of the Eustachian tubes is to? | equalize pressure between the middle ear and the outside environment in order to prevent prevent tympanorrhexis. |
The larynx is AKA? | "vocal cords" or "voice box." |
The larynx connects the? | pharynx with the trachea |
Larngopharynx(hypopharynx) refers to the? | larynx and pharynx |
The larynx is supported by pieces of? | cartilage |
These pieces of cartilage are called? | 1. the thyroid cartilage.
2. the epiglottis
3. the cricoid cartilage |
The largest piece of cartilage is the? | thyroid cartilage AKA "Adam's apple." |
The epiglottis is the? | "lid over the larynx" |
The epiglottis is designed to? | open when we breathe and close when we swallow. |
The glottis is the? | space between the larynx (vocal cords) |
The trachea is AKA the? | "windpipe" |
The bronchi are the? | two main airway branches that bifurcate of the trachea. |
These two main branches are called the? | right primary bronchus and the left primary bronchus. |
On entering the lungs the primary bronchi divide to form smaller bronchi called the? | secondary (lobar) bronchi. |
The secondary or lobar bronchi continue to branch forming even smaller bronchi called? | tertiary (segmental) bronchi. |
Tertiary or segmental bronchi divide into smaller branches called? | bronchioles. |
Bronchioles finally branch into even smaller tubes called? | terminal bronchioles. |
The terminal bronchioles subdivide into microscopic branches called? | respiratory bronchioles. |
These respiratory bronchioles subdivide into? | alveolar ducts. |
The alveolar ducts house alveoli in the? | alveolar sacs |
The alveolar sacs house the? | alveoli. |
The continuous branching of the trachea is referred to as the? | "bronchial tree." |
It is estimated that the average number of alveoli in a human is? | 30 million. |
every alveolus is surrounded by? | capillaries |
The alveoli is the where? | respiration occurs |
The gases that are exchanged are? | oxygen(O2) carbon dioxide (CO2) |
Respiration is the? | exchange of gases |
Respiration involves two processes and the first process is? | 1.External respiration which is the - exchange of gases that occurs between the lungs and blood. |
Respiration involves two processes and the second process is? | 2.Internal respiration which is- the exchange of gases that occurs between the blood and body cells. |
Every cell of the body is surrounded by? | capillaries |
The actual exchange of the respiratory gases between the lungs, blood, and cells occurs by? | diffusion |
Diffusion means? | the process in which the particles in fluid or gas move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. |
The cavity where the respiratory organs are found is the? | thoracic cavity |
The lungs are divided into sections called? | lobes |
The right lung has? | 3 lobes (right upper lobe, right medial lobe, right lower lobe. |
The left lung has? | 2 lobes (left upper lobe, left lower lobe). |
The primary bronchi are lined with small hair-like structures called? | cilia. |
The purpose of the cilia is to? | catch foreign particles that are inhaled during inspiration. |
As the cilia becomes saturated from the inhaled particles the mucous membranes that line the respiratory tract will produce? | mucus |
The purpose of the mucus is to? | trap the foreign particles. |
When enough mucus is produced the nervous system will trigger the? | cough reflex |
when the cough flex is trigger then persons first choice is to? | 1. cough the mucus up and spit it out. |
when the cough flex is trigger then persons has second choice? | 2. cough the mucus up and swallow it. |
A productive cough refers to a? | cough where sputum is produced. |
A non-productive cough refers to a? | dry cough (no sputum) such as croup (bark-like cough). |
Antitussive refers to a? | cough suppressant. |
The act of coughing up mucus is called? | expectoration (expectorate). |
The mucus expectorated is called? | sputum or phlegm. |
Normal sputum (phlegm) appears? | clear or white. |
Mucopurulent refers to? | mucus and pus |
Hemoptysis means? | expectorating blood |
Yellow,green, or pungent sputum (phlegm) can indicate? | infection. |
C + S stands for? | culture and sensitivity |
A C + S is performed to grow antigens and determine the best antibiotic to? | treat the infection |
Two membranous layers surround each lung called? | pleurae |
The purpose of the pleurae is to? | protect the lungs from the ribs. |
The outermost pleural layer is called the? | parietal pleura |
The innermost pleural is called the? | visceral pleura |
Between the parietal and visceral is a space called the? | pleural cavity (space) |
The pleural cavity(space) contains? | pleural fluid (lubricating fluid) to prevent friction between the parietal and visceral pleurae during ventilation. |
Ventilation refers to? | breathing |
PFT stands for? | pulmonary function test |
Incentive spirometry (IS) is a? | test to measure the ability to self-ventilation. |
Tidal volume (TV)is? | the amount of air volume that can be inhaled beyond a normal resting inspiration. |
Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)? | the volume of air that can be inhaled beyond a normal resting inspiration. |
Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)? | the volume of air that can be exhaled beyond a normal resting expiration. |
The process of moving air in and out of the lungs is called? | ventilation (breathing) |
The two phases of ventilation are? | inhalation (inspiration) and exhalation (expiration) |
The muscles primarily responsible for ventilation are the? | 1. Diaphragm
2. Internal and external intercostals |
Intercostal means? | space between the ribs. |
Ventilation is controlled by is controlled by the respiratory center located in the? | medullar oblongata. |
A ventilator refers to? | a device that pushes air in and out of the lungs. |
Intubation (intubate)? | the process of inserting a tube. |
Intubation usually refers to an? | endotracheal tube (ET) |
The instrument used to insert an endotracheal (ET) is called an? | laryngoscope |
Ambu bag refers to? | bag that is used to ventilate an apnic patient |
Apnic means? | no breathing |
ABGs means? | arterial blood gases |
Oxygen saturation(SaO2)? | the amount of oxygen (O2) that has combined with (saturated) hemoglobin. |
Percentage of carbon dioxide (PCO2) means? | the amount or percentage of carbon dioxide (CO2) that has combined with hemoglobin. |
A nebulizer is a? | device that delivers vaporized medicine (vaporizer) |
CXR stands for? | chest x-ray. |
NPPV stands for? | noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (a respiratory Tx) |
Oximetry refers to? | the process of measuring oxygen. |
Rales refer to? | crackling sounds heard during auscultation. |
Auscultation means? | listening with a stethoscope |
Rhonci refers to? | wheezing |
Stridor refers to? | a high pitched sound indicative of airway obstruction |
RT (IT) stands for? | respiratory therapy (inhalation therapy) |
C-PAP stands for? | continuous positive airway pressure |
C-PAP is a treatment for? | obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) |