Question | Answer |
hepatomegaly | enlargement of the liver |
removal of the salivary gland | sialadenectomy |
pertaining to the throat | pharyngeal |
hernia of the rectum | rectocele |
surgical repair of the roof of the mouth | palatoplasty |
after meals | postprandial |
visual examination of the anal and rectal region | proctoscopy |
study of the cause | etiology |
incision of the common bile duct | choledochotomy |
pertaining to teeth and cheek | dentibuccal |
disease condition of the small intestine | enteropathy |
new opening between the common bile duct and the jejenum | choledochojejenumostomy |
pertaining to surrounding the anus | perianal |
new opening from the colon to the outside of the body | colostomy |
under the lower jaw | submanidular |
pertaining to the face | facial |
inflammation of the appendix | appendicitis |
inflammation of the large intesting | colitis |
inflammation of the passageway from the throat to the stomach | esophagitis |
inflammation of the membrane surrounding the abdomen | peritonitis |
inflammation of the gallbladder | cholycitis |
inflammation of the thrid part of the small intestine | ileitis |
inflammation of the pancreas | pancreaitis |
inflammation of the gums | gingevitis |
inflammtion of the liver | hepatitis |
inflammation of the mouth | stomatitis |
inflammation of the salivary glands | salandeitis |
inflammation of small and large intestines | enterocolitis |
ingestion | food material taken into mouth |
digestion | food breakdown and travels through tract |
2 types of digestion | mechanical-chewing
chemical- breakdown by enzymes |
absorption | digested food passes to the blodd stream through cells in the small intestine wall |
elimination | body eliminates solid waste that can't be absorbed into the blood |
deglutition | swallow |
mastication | chew |
oral pharynx | gate way to swallowing |
laryngo pharynx(gag reflex) | has tactile receptors that initiate esophagus to start involuntary paristalsis |
esophagus | 2 sets of muscles. uses contraction type movements to move the bolus down the tube |
outer layer of stomach | serosa |
serosa | fibrous/ dense connective tissue; supports shape |
2nd layer of stomach | musculara externa |
musculara externa | 3 muscle levels. longitudinal, oblique, lateral; together create churning motion |
chyme | stomach paste created by churning in the stomach |
inner layer of stomach | rugae |
rugae | folds in stomach; thick mucosa lining; protects stomach from hydrochloric acid |
duodenum | 10 in long; has brunners glands that secrete bicarbinate fluid. recieves bile and pancreatic juices from biliary tract |
liver | serves as filter for blood and gi tract; produces bile |
gallbladder | stores bile |
pancreas | endocrine and exocrine. produces insulin, glucagon, and pancreatic juices |
jejenum | 7 1/2 ft long, most of chemical digestion; some absorption |
ileum | 10-10 1/2 ft long; absorption |
cecum | RUQ; appendix connects to it |
hepatic fixture | where ascending colon becomes transverse |
splenic fixture | transver colon becomes descending colon |
ascending colon | absorb fluid and electrolytes |
transverse colon | has goblet cells that produces mucous to help trap waste and form feces |
descending colon | fecal matter is formed |
sigmoid colon | shaped like an s; uses convayer like motions that move feces into rectum |
rectum | collects and recieves stool |
anus | last sphincter in the gi tract, stool expelled; both voluntary and involuntary |
dorsal messentary | provides blood supply to intestine; transports artery's and veins and lymphatics |
4 intestinal layers | serosa, muscularus externa, submucosa, mucosa |
muscularus externa | circular muscles- sqeeze
longitudinal muscles- pull...creates peristalisis |
mucosa | contain villi |
villi | increase absorption area; each has brush borders to help trap nutrients |
tineacoli | tough tissue band that provides shape of large intestine |
haustra | pouches in intestine; maintain contour |
falciform ligament | divides greater lobe and lesser lobe in liver |
alpha cells | glucagon; before meal |
beta cells | insulin; after meal |
delta cells | somatostatin; after digestion |
cck (cholecystokinin) | in duodenum; causes gallbladder and pancreas to contract to start the digestive process in intestine |
ventral messentary | stores extra fat in stomach; also encases lymphatic tissue and blood vessels |
myenteric plexis | nerve group in intestines |