Question | Answer |
The gathering, organization, and analysis of information about a group to either describe the group or to make predictions about a larger group. | Statistics (the study) |
The gathering and organization of data to describe the characteristics of a group. | Descriptive Statistics |
Analysis of data from a smaller group used to make a prediction about a larger group. | Inferential Statistics |
The total group whose characteristics are being studied (large group). | Population |
The subset of the population from which data is gathered. | Sample |
Numerical description of a sample characteristic. | Statistic |
Numerical description of a population characteristic. | Parameter |
Sampling technique where data is gathered from every member of the population. | Census |
A sample that best represents the overall characteristics of the popultation. | Representative Sample |
A sampling technique where every member of the population has a chance of being selected for the sample. | Random Sampling |
Every possible sample of a fixed size has the same chance of being selected (every member has same chance). | Simple Random Sample |
Once the individual is chosen from the sample, individual is removed from the population. | Sampling without Replacement |
An individual is returned to the selection pool once selected for the sample. | Sampling with Replacement |
The individuals within a populatin or sample. Also known as elements. | Members |
Characteristics being studied about a population. Values that can change between elements. | Variables |
Value of a variable for an element. | Observation |
Collection of elements and observations. | Data Set |
Descriptive data consisting of names and labels. | Qualitative Data |
Numerical data that allows calculation. | Quantitative Data |
Quantitative data that is a result of a measurement where the scale of measure has an infinite number of values. | Continuous Data |
Quantitative data that results from the count of some quantity whose value can occupy a finite number of possibilities in the range of measure. | Discrete Data |
Study where numerous elements are observed at one point in time. | Cross-section |
A study where a single element is observed at numerous points over a given period of time. | Time Series |
Mathematical short hand for adding all elements in a group. | Summation Notation |
The frequency of a class divided by the sum of all frequencies. | Relative frequency |
A listing of data values in the sequence in which the values were collected without order or ranking. | Raw Data |
Graphical representation of qualitative data where each possible value of an element is represented by a bar whose height (or length for horizonal) is given by frequency. | Bar Graph |
Visual representation of a data set that shows each group or class as part of a whole 360 degree circle. | Pie chart |
An organization of a data set of quantitative data into groups consisting of ranges of values and a noation of how many entries in the sample that fall within each range. | Frequency Distribution for Quantitative Data |
Smallest and largest values with in a single class. | Class Limits |
Midpoint between upper class limit of one class and the lower class of the next class. | Class Boundary |
The possible values between the lower and upper limits of a class. | Class Width |
Type of bar graph used when referencing quantitative data where each class is represented by a bar and theheight is represented by frequency (or relative frequency or relative frequency percentage). | Histogram |
Has the same shape on both sides of some center point. | Symmetric |
A histogram where all classes have the same or very similiar frequency. | Rectangular |
A set with a value that is significantly larger than the majority. | Skewed to Right |
A set with a value or small number of values that are significantly smaller than the majority. | Skewed to Left |
Classes are labled by their midpoints, fequency is denoted by a dot above midpoint and these dots are connected. | Frequency Polygon |
Total frequency of all values less than a class upper class boundary. | Cumulative Frequency |
The frequency of values less than the upper class limit of a class. | Cumulative Frequency Distribution |
Graphical representation of a cumulative frequency distribution where classes are labeled by their upper class boundary and cumulative frequency is denoted by a dot above the class's bound. | Ogive |
Charts that divide a member of a quantitative dat set into two parts: the stem - first or first two digits of a number/ the leaf - last digit or digits | Stem and Leaf Plot |
A graph that represents a data set with dots above a number line corresponding to individual members of a data set. | Dot Plot |