Question | Answer |
caliectasis | dialtion of a calyx |
caliceal | pertaining to a calyz |
cystitis | inflammation of the urinary bladder |
cystectomy | removal of the urinary bladder |
cystostomy | new opening of the bladder to the outside of the body |
glomerular capsule | pertaining to the capsule surrounding each glomerulus; bowman capsule |
meatal stnosis | naroowing of the meatus (opening of the urethra to the outside of the body) |
paranphric | pertaining to near the kidney |
nephropathy | disease of the kidney |
nephroptosis | downward displacement of a kidney |
nephrolithotomy | incision to remove a kidney stone |
hydronephrosis | condition of excess fluid in the kidney |
nephrostomy | new opening of the kidney to the outside of the body |
pyelolithotomy | incision of the renal pelvis to remove a stone |
renal ischemia | holding back of blood flow to the kidney |
renal colic | kendyu pain resulting from a stone in the ureter or kidney |
trigonitis | inflammation of the trigon (area in the bladder) |
ureteroplasty | surgical repair of a ureter |
ureteroileostomy | new opening between a ureter and the ileum (for removal or urine after cystectomy) |
urethritis | inflammation of the urethra |
urethroplasty | surgical reapir of the urethra |
urethral stricture | narrowing of the urethra |
intravesical | pertaining to within the bladder |
vesicoureteral reflux | backflow of urine from the bladder into the ureters |
albuminuria | protein in the urine |
azotemia | nitrogen (increased amounts of nitrogenous waste) in the blood |
bacteriuria | bacteria in urine |
polydipsia | condition of increased thirst |
hyperkalemia | heigh levels of potassium in the blood |
ketosis | abnormal condition of ketones in the blood and body tissues |
ketonuria | keone bodies (acids and acetone) in tghe urine |
nephrolithiasis | abnormal condition of kidney stones |
hyponatremia | low levels of sodium in the blood |
nocturia | excessive urination at night |
oliguria | scanty urination |
erythropoietin | hormone secreted by the kidney to increase red blood cell formation in the bone marrow |
pyuria | pus in the urine |
lithotripsy | process of crushing a stone in the urinary tract |
uremia | urea (urine) in the blood; a potentially fatal condition |
enuresis | bedwetting |
diuresis | condition of complete (excessive) urination |
antidiuretic hormone | secreted by the pituitary gland and helps reabsorb water from the renal tubules back into the bloodstream |
urinary incontinence | inability to hold urine in the bladder |
urinary retention | inability to realease urine from the bladder |
dysuria | painful, difficult urination |
hematuria | blood in the urine |
glycosuria | sugar in the urine |
polyuria | excessive urination |
acetone | a type of ketone biody; are formed when fatty acids are broken down |
antidiuetic hormone | secreted by the pituitary gland and helps reabsorb water from the renal tubules back into the bloodstream |
anuria | No urine is produced |
arteriole | Small artery |
calyx | Cup-like collecting region of the renal pelvis |
catheter | Tube for injecting or removing fluids |
cortex | Outer region f an organ; the renal cortex is the outer region of the kidney |
cortical | pertaining to the cortex |
creatine | Nitrogenous waste excreted in urine |
creatinine clearance | is a measure of the efficiency of the kidneys in removing (clearing) creatinine from the blood |
cystoscopy | Direct visualization of teh urethra and urinary bladder with an endoscope (cystoscope) |
diabetes insipidus | Antidiuretic hormone is not secreted adequately, or the kidney is resistant to its effect |
diabetes mellitus | Insulin is not secreted adequately or not used propertly in the body |
edema | swelling caused by fluid in tissue spaces |
electrolyte | Chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water |
essential hypertension | when the cause of high blood pressure is not known. |
filtration | Process whereby some substances, but not all, pass through a filter. |
glomerulonephritis | Inflammation of the glomeruli within the kidney |
glomerulus | Tiny ball of capillaries in te kidney |
hemodialysis | uses an artificial kidney machine that recieves waste-filled blood, filters it, and returns the dialyzed blood to patient's body |
hilum | Depression in an organ where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave |
interstitial nephritis | Inflammation of the connective tissue that lies between the renal tubules |
kidney | One of the two bean-shaped organs on either side of the backbone in the lumbar region; it filters nitrogenous wastes from the bloodstream to and from urine |
meatus | opening or canal |
medulla | Inner region of an organ |
medullary | pertaining to the medulla |
nephron | Combination of glomerulas and renal tubule where filtration, reabsorption, and secretion take place in the kidney |
nephrotic syndrome | Groups of clinical signs and symptoms caused by excessive protein loss in urine |
nitrogenous waste | substance containing nitrogen and excreted in urine |
parenchyma | is the essential and distinctive tissue of an organ |
peritoneal dialysis | uses a peritoneal catheter to introduce fluid into the peritoneal cavity. |
phenylketonuria (PKU) | lack of Phenylketones, which results in high levels of phenylalanine in an infants bloodstream |
polycystic kidney disease | Multiple fluid-filled cacs (cysts) within and on the kidney |
potassium (K+) | An electrolyte regulated by the kidney so that a proper concentration is maintained in the blood. Potassium is essential for allowing muscle contraction and conduction of nervous impulses |
pyelonephritis | Inflammation of the lining of the renal pelvis and renal parenchyma |
reabsorption | process whereby renal tubules return materials necessary to the body back into the bloodstream |
renal angiography | x-ray examination(with contrast) fo the blood vessels of the kidney |
renal angioplasty | Dialation of narrowed areas in renal arteries |
renal artery | Blood vessel that carrries blood to the kidney |
renal calculi | Kidney stones |
renal cell carcinoma | cancerous tumor of the kidney in adulthood |
renal failure | Kidney decreases excretion of wastes as a result of impaired filtration function |
renal hypertension | High blood pressure resulting from kidney disease |
renal pelvis | Central collecting region of the kidney |
renal transplantation | Surgical transfer of a kidney from a donor to a recipient |
renal tubule | Microscopic tubes in the kidney where urine is formed after filtration |
renal vein | Blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and towards the heart |
renin | Hormone secreted by the kidney; it raises blood pressure by influencing vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels) |
retrograde pyelogram | x-ray imaging of the renal pelvis and ureters after injection of contrast through a urinary catheter into the ureters from the bladder |
secondary hypertention | high blood pressure caused by an abnormal condition. |
sodium | An electrolyte regulated in the blood and urine by the kidneys: needed for proper transmission of nerve impulses, heart activity, and other metabolic functions |
stricture | abnormal opening of an opening or passageway |
trigone | Trinagular area of the urinary bladder |
urea | Major nitrogenous waste excreted in urine |
ureter | One of the two tubes leading from the kidneys to the urinary bladder |
urethra | Tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body |
uric acid | Nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine |
urinalysis | examiination of urine to determine the presence of abnormal elements tha may indicate various pathologic conditions |
urinary bladder | Hollow; muscular sac that holds and stores urine |
urinary catheterization | Passage of a flexible, tubular instrument through the urethra into the urinary bladder |
urination (voiding) | Process of expelling urine; also called micturition |
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voiding cystourethrogram | x-ray record (with contrast) of the urinary bladder and urethra obtained wehile the patient is voiding |
Wilms tumor | Malignant tumor of the kidney occuring in childhood |