| Question |
Answer |
| Normal pH | 7.35-7.45 |
| Normal PCO2 | 35-45 |
| Normal HCO3 | 22-26 |
| Alkalosis pH | >7.45 |
| Acidosis pH | <7.35 |
| PCO2 >45 | respiratory acidosis |
| PCO2 <35 | respiratory alkalosis |
| HCO3 >26 | metabolic alkalosis |
| HCO3 <22 | metabolic acidosis |
| If PCO2 between 35-45 then | No respiratory problems and no respiratory compensation for metabolic problems |
| if HCO3 between 22-26 then | No primary metabolic problems and the kidneys are not compensating for respiratory problems |
| If PCO2 >45 then | Respiratory retention of CO2 to compensate for metabolic alkalosis |
| If PCO2 <35 then | Respiratory retention of CO2 to compensate for metabolic acidosis |
| If HCO3 <22 then | Kidneys are attempting to compensate for respiratory alkalosis |
| If HCO3 >26 then | Kidneys are attempting to compensate for repiratory acidosis |
| Causes of respiratory alkalosis | Alveolar hyperventilation |
| Causes of respiratory acidosis | Alveolar hypoventilation |
| Causes of metabolic alkalosis | Bicarbonate ingestion, vomiting, diuretics, steroids, adrenal disease |
| Causes of metabolic acidosis | Diabetic, lactic, or uremic acidosis, prolonged diarrhea |
| Signs/Symptoms of respiratory alkalosis | Dizziness, syncope, tingling, numbness, early tetany |
| Signs/Symptoms respiratory acidosis | Early: anxiety, restlessness, dyspnea, headache; Late: confusion, somnolence, coma |
| Signs/Symptoms metabolic alkalosis | Vague symptoms: weakness, mental dullness, possible early tetany |
| Signs/Symptoms metabolic acidosis | Secondary hyperventilation (Kussmaul's breathing), nausea and vomiting, cardiac dysrhythmias, lethargy, and coma |
| 7.35- 7.45 | normal ph |
| 35 -45 | normal CO2 |
| 22-26 | normal HCO3 |
Cardio Block2anatomy
