Question | Answer |
Eye | ophthalm/o, ocul/o |
Orbit | each eye is encased in a protective, bony socket called an orbit |
Canthi | corners of the eye |
Eyelids | palpebro/o, blephar/o |
Palpebral fissure | area where upper and lower eyelids meet |
Palpebration | blinking/closing ones eyes |
Conjunctivae | (conjunctiv/o)
membrane that lines eyelids and covers the surface of the eye |
Meibomian | sebaceous (oil-secreting glands of the skin) of the eyelashes |
Lacrimal | (lacrim/o)
tear gland |
lacrimation | the process of producing tears |
lacrimal glands | dacryoaden/o |
lacrimal sacs | dacryocyst/o |
extraocular muscles | attach the eyeball to the orbit and move the eyes |
outer layer | fibrous tunic |
sclera | (scler/o)
hard, white covering of the eye
(white of the eye) |
cornea | (kerat/o, corne/o)
transparent portion of the sclera that covers the anterior section of the eye |
limbus | border of the cornea, between the cornea and the sclera |
middle layer | vascular tunic |
uvea | (uve/o)
Choroid, ciliary body, iris |
iris | (ir/o, irid/o)
smooth muscle that contracts and relaxes to moderate the amount of light that enters the eye
(colored part of the eye) |
pupil | (pupill/o, cor/o, core/o)
dark area in the center of the iris |
ciliary body | cycl/o |
lens | phac/o, phak/o |
aqueous and vitrous humors | (vitre/o)
jellylike substance |
inner layer | nervous tunic |
retina | retin/o |
rods | responsible for vision in dim light |
cones | responsible for color vision |
macula lutea | (macul/o)
area of the retina on which the light rays focus |
fovea | contains only cones and provides sharpest vision |
optic disk | (papill/o)
natural blind spot |
blepharedema | swelling of the eyelid |
blepharitis | inflammation of the eye |
blepharoptosis | drooping of the upper eyelid |
ectropin | turning outward of the eyelid |
entropion | turning inward of the eyelid toward the eye |
chalazion | hardened swelling of the meimobian gland resulting from a blockage
(also known as Meibomian cyst) |
hordeolum | stye |
dacryoadenitis | inflammation of a lacrimal gland |
dacryocystitis | inflammation of a lacrimal sac |
epiphora | overflow of tears |
xerophthalmia | dry eye |
conjunctivitis | pink eye |
ophthalmic neonatorum | severe, purulent conjunctivitis in the newborn, usually due to gnorrheal or chlamydial infection |
diplopia | double vision |
emmetropia | normal vision |
exophthalmia | protrusion of the eyeball from its orbit |
strabismus | general term for lack of coordination between the eyes, usually due to a muscle weakness or paralysis |
esotropia | turning inward of one or both eyes
(cross eyed) |
exotropia | turning outward of one or both eyes |
photophobia | extreme sensitivity to light |
myopia | nearsightedness |
hyperopia | farsightedness |
astigmatism | malcurvature of the cornea leading to blurred vision |
presbyopia | progressive loss of elasticity of the lens (usually accompanies aging) |
corneal ulcer | trauma to the outer covering of the eye resulting in an abrasion |
keratitis | inflammation of the cornea |
aphakia | condition of no lens |
cataract | progressive loss of transparency of the lens of the eye |
glaucoma | abnormal intraoccular pressure due to obstruction of the outflow of the aqueous humor |
achromatopsia | color blindness |
ARMD/AMD | Age-related macular degeneration |
VA | visual acuity
(Snellen chart) |
blepharoplasty | surgical repair of the eyelids |
blepharorrhaphy | suture of the eyelids |
dacryocystorhinostomy | creation of an opening between the tear sac and the nose |
enucleation of the eye | removal of the entire eyeball |
evisceration of the eye | removal of the contents of the eyeball, leaving the outer coat (sclera) intact |
exenteration of the eye | removal of the entire contents of the orbit |
cataract extraction | removal of the lens to treat cataracts |
IOLs | (Intraocular lenses)
implantable contact lens |
Phacoemulsification and aspiration of a cataract | vision correction accomplished through the destruction and removal of the contents of the capsule by breaking it into small pieces and removing them by suction |
scleral buckling | reattachment of the retina with a cryoprobe and the use of a silicone sponge to push the sclera in toward the retinal scar |
vitrectomy | (vitr/o)
removal of part of all of the vitreous humor |
lubricants | medications that keep the eyes moist, mimicking natural tears |
miotics | drugs that cause the pupils to CONSTRICT |
mydriatics | drugs that cause the pupils to DILATE |
ophthalmics | drugs applied directly to the eye |
topical anesthetics | medications used to temporarily anesthetize the eye for the purpose of examination |
ECCE | extracapsular cataract extraction |
ICCE | intracapsular cataract extraction |
IOL | intraocular lens |
IOP | intraocular pressure |
OD | RIGHT eye |
OS | LEFT eye |
OU | BOTH eyes |
ear | ot/o, aur/o, auricul/o |
pinna/auricle | flesh covered cartilage of the outer ear |
cerumen | (cerumin/o)
ear wax |
external auditory meatus | meat/o |
tympanic membrane | (tympan/o, myring/o)
eardrum |
ossicles/ossicular chain | (ossicul/o)
-malleus
-incus
-stapes (staped/o) |
eustachian tube | (salping/o)
auditory tube; connection between the ears and the throat that equalizes pressure within the middle ear |
inner ear | (labyrinth/o) |
vestibule | (vestibul/o)
utricle, saccule |
semicircular canals | crista ampullaris |
inner ear made up of... | -membranous and bony labyrinth
-perilymph and endolymph |
cochlea | (cochle/o)
-organ of corti
-vestibulocochlear nerve/eighth cranial nerve |
otalgia/otodynia | ear ache; pain in the ear |
otorrhea | discharge from the auditory canal |
tinnitus | abnormal ringing, buzzing or jingling in the ear |
vertigo | dizziness |
impacted cerumen | blockage of the external auditory canal with earwax |
macrotia | condition of abnormally large ears |
microtia | condition of abnormally small auricles (ears) |
otitis externa | inflammation of the outer ear and ear canal (swimmer's ear) |
infectious myringitis | inflammation of the eardrum due to a bacterial or viral infection |
mastoiditis | inflammation of the mastoid process of the temporal bone |
otitis media | OM
-inflammation of the middle ear |
labyrinthitis | inflammation of the inner ear |
Meniere disease | chronic condition of the inner ear characterized by vertigo, hearing loss and tinnitus |
ruptured tympanic membrane | tear (perforation) in the eardrum due to trauma or disease |
otoscopy | otoscope |
typanometry | typanogram |
UNHS | universal newborn hearing screening |
OAEs | otoacoustic emissions |
ABR | auditory brainstem response |
cochlear implant | device that assists those with hearing loss by electrically stimulating the cochlea |
mastoidectomy | removal of the mastoid process |
otoplasty | repair and/or reconstruction of the outer ear |
stapedectomy | removal of the third ossicle, the stapes from the middle ear |
typanoplasty | surgical repair of the eardrum |
typanostomy/myringostomy | surgical creation of an opening through the eardrum to promote drainage and/or allow the introduction of artificial tubes to maintain the opening (also known as myringostomy) |
typanotomy/myringotomy | incision of the eardrum |
ENT | ear, nose, throat |
OM | ititis media |
Oto | otology |
TM | tympanic membrane
(eardrum) |