Question | Answer |
Prefixes:
A- | no; not; without |
Prefixes:
Dys- | bad; painful; abnormal; difficult |
Prefixes:
Hyper- | excessive; above |
Prefixes:
Par- | near; beside |
Prefixes:
Peri- | around; surrounding |
Prefixes:
Sub- | under; below |
Suffixes:
-ectomy | removal; excision; resection |
Suffixes:
-emesis | to vomit |
Suffixes:
-pepsia | digestion |
Suffixes:
-rrhea | discharge; flow |
Suffixes:
-scopy | visual examination |
Suffixes:
-stalsis | contraction |
Suffixes:
-stomy | new opening |
Suffixes:
-tresia | opening |
Combining forms:
Append/o, appendic/o | appendix |
Combining forms:
Cholecyst/o | gallbladder |
Combining forms:
Col/o, colon/o | colon |
Combining forms:
Dent/i; odont/o | teeth |
Combining forms:
Enter/o | small intestines |
Combining forms:
Esophag/o | esophagus |
Combining forms:
Gastr/o | stomach |
Combining forms:
Hepat/o | liver |
Combining forms:
Or/o | oral cavity |
Combining forms:
Pancreat/o | pancreas |
Combining forms:
Proct/o | rectum and anus |
Combining forms:
Aliment/o | nutrition |
Combining forms:
Phag/o | eat or swallow |
Combining forms:
Cheil/o, labi/o | lips |
Inner GI layer | tunica mucosa |
Middle GI layer | submucosa |
Outer GI layer | tunica muscularis |
Peristalsis | contractions and relaxations in the intestines in a wavelike movement to move food through the digestive tract |
Ingestion | intake of food |
Digestion | breakdown of food |
Absorption | extracting nutrients |
Elimination | excretion of waste products |
Route through Body | -Oral cavity
-Mediastinal cavity
-Abdominopelvic cavity (peritoneal cavity: stomach and intestines) |
Mastication | chewing |
Deglutition | swallowing |
Cheeks | bucc/o |
Tongue | gloss/o, lingu/o |
Palate | palat/o (roof of mouth) |
Gums | gingiv/o |
uvula | uvul/o |
salivary glands | sialaden/o
saliva (sial/o) |
Parotid | near the ear |
Sublingual | under the tongue |
Submandibular | lower jaw |
Maxilla | upper jaw |
Mandible | lower jaw |
Pharynx | (pharyng/o)
nasopharynx, oropharynx and hypopharynx (tube that connects the oral cavity with the esophagus) |
Bolus | chewed lump of food |
lower esophageal sphincter (LES)/cardiac sphincter/gastroesophageal sphincter | muscle that relaxes before food enters the stomach |
Sphincter | ringlike muscle |
Duodenum | first part (proximal) of small intestine |
Jejunum | second part of small intestine |
Ileum | third part (distal) of the small intestine |
Cecum | first part of the large intestines
-Ileocecal sphincter
-veriform appendix |
Accessory organs (Adnexa) | -Liver
-Gallbladder
-Pancreas |
Liver functions to ... | produce bile |
Liver located ... | RUQ |
Location/lobes | lob/o |
Bile | emulsifies fats, composed of bilirubin and cholesterol |
Process of bile: | bile in liver - bile ducts - hepatic duct - joins with cystic duct from gallbladder to form the common bile duct - empties bile into the duodenum |
Gallbladder located: | RUQ
stores bile from liver |
Pancreas located: | RUQ & LUQ
exocrine function of the pancreas is key in the digestion of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids |
Common Bile Duct | choledoch/o |
Dyspepsia | indigestion |
Eructation | burping, belching |
Halitosis | bad smelling breath |
Pyrosis | heartburn |
Hiccup | singultus |
Flatus | expelled gas |
Hematochezia | passage of bloody stool |
Suffixes:
-chezia | condition of stools |
Melena | black, tarry stools |
Esophagal atresia | esophagus ends in a blind pouch - no opening to stomach |
Hirschsprung disease | absence of normal nervous function (megacolon) |
Pyloric stenosis | muscle between stomach and small intestine narrows or fails to open |
Dental caries | cavities |
Malocclusion | poor closure |
Leukoplakia | white patches |
Pyorrhea | discharge of pus in oral cavity |
Dysphagia | difficulty swallowing |
(GERD) Gastroesophageal reflux disease | flowing back of contents of the stomach to the esophagus |
(PUD) Peptic ulcer disease | erosion of protective mucosal lining of the stomach or duodenum |
Anal fissure | cracklike lesion of the skin around the anus |
Fistula | abnormal channel between organs or from an internal organ to the surface of the body |
Hemorrhoid | varicose vein in the lower rectum or anus |
Pruritus ani | chronic condition of itching of the skin surrounding the anus |
Crohn disease | inflammation of the ileum or the colon |
Intussusception | inward telescoping of the intestines |
Paralytic ileus | lack of peristaltic movement in the intestinal tract |
Volvulus | twisting of the intestines |
Jaundice | yellowing of the skin |
Hepatitis A | direct contact with fecally contaminated food or water |
Hepatitis B | through contaminated blood or sexual contact |
Hepatitis C | through blood transfusion, percutaneous inoculation, or sharing infected needles |
Cholelithiasis | gall stones |
Hiatal hernia | protrusion of a portion of the stomach through the diaphragm |
Hemangioma | tumor of the blood vessels |
Leiomyoma | smooth muscle tumor |
Polyp | benign growth that may occur in the intestines |
(SCCA) squamous cell carcinoma | arises from the cells that cover the surfaces of the body |
Bile vessels | cholangi/o |
Fluoroscopy | X-ray that allows visualization of structures in real time |
Anastomoses | new connection created between two (usually hollow) structures |
Ligat/o | tying |
Lysis of adhesions | surgical destruction of adhesions |
Paracentesis | withdrawing fluid from a body cavity |
Pyloromyotomy | incision of the pyloric sphincter to correct an obstruction |
Odontectomy | removal of a tooth |
Polypectomy | removal of a polyp |
Stomatoplasty | surgical repair of the mouth |
ERCP | endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography |
APR | anterior posterior repair |
lap. Chole | laparoscopic cholecystectomy |
Fold | plic/o |
Sweet, Sugar | glu/o |
Melan | black, dark |
Suffixes:
-plakia | condition of patches |
Suffixes:
-chalasia | condition of relaxation |