Topic | Definition |
Iconoclast movement | against idols |
Byzantine Empire | Eastern Roman Empire |
Church of Hagia Sophia | Museum - was once a church & mosque - great arch from Byzantine Empire |
Constantinople | Capital of Byzantine Empire |
Justinian | Created the Justinian Code |
Justinian Code | code of laws |
Schism | split over icons. creates Roman Catholic and Greek Orthodox Churches |
Ka 'bah | Islamic shrine in Mecca |
Muhammad | Founder of Islam |
Allah | God of Islam |
Qu'ran | Holy book of Islam |
5 Pillars of Islam | 1. Alms poor
2. fast Ramadan
3. Confession faith Muham prophet Allah God
4. make hajj to Mecca
5. pray 5 times a day |
Islam | Religion founded by Muhammad |
Muslim | follwer of Islam |
Caliph | Muslim leader has both religious and political power |
Sunni | 1/2 group after split in Islam over who should lead after Muhammad's death. |
Shi'ah | 1/2 group after split in Islam over who should lead after Muhammad's death. |
Mamluks | Nomadic Asian Turks who fought in Muslim armies. |
Islamic advances | science, math, & medicine |
Abbasid Caliphate | Golden Age of Muslim civilization - capital in Baghdad. |
Jihad | Holy war |
Dome of the Rock | Famous mosque in Jerusalem where Muhammad is said to have ascended to Heaven. |
Germanic Culture and origins | From Scandinavia, patriarchal, women some power, war-like. |
Franks | Germanic people and strongest kingdom after the fall of Rome |
Monasticism | Monks living in Monasteries |
Clovis | King of Franks who converted to Cathlicism and allied with the church. |
Donation of Pepin | Land taken by Pepin from Lombards and given to pope for Vatican City |
Vikings | Barbarians from Scandinavia who raided Europe in their long boats.
Target = monasteries. |
Fief | land given to a vassal |
Lord | gives land to vassal |
Vassal | pledge military service for land |
Feudal system | political system of land for political and military support. |
Manorialism | Economic system - lord gives land to peasant (serf) for payment, work. |
Battle of Hastings | William the Conqueror's battle against the English during the Norman Conquest |
Norman Conquest | William the Conqueror's conquest of England |
Domesday Book | Survey of all possession by William the Conqueror |
Common Law | In England, laws common to all in the land. |
Magna Carta | Limited the power of the king, signed by King John. |
Parliament | Representative body of Britain |
Estates General | France's representative government |
College of Cardinals | select the pope. |
Crusaders | with red cross on chest, fought Muslims in Holy Land |
Crusades | Fight to re-take Holy Land. Only the 1st Crusade was sucessful. |
Urban II | Called for the 1st and only successful Crusade |
Heresy/heretic | person whose ideas go against the Catholic Church |
Inquisition | Department of the church that investigated heresy |
Richard the Lion Heart | King of England, fought 3rd Crusade, failed to take Jerusalem |
Three-field system | farming improvement - plant 2/3 of field, 1/3 fallow |
Chivalry | knights lived by this code to fight fair and protect women, children & clergy |
Curriculum | course of study |
Battle of Tours | Carles Martel stops Muslims in W. Europe |
Charlemagne | Unified Franks & emphasized education during the early Middle Ages |
Roman Catholic Church | unified people during Middle Ages |
Excommunication | Put out of the Roman Catholic church |
Henry II | established court system in England |
Fredrick Barbarossa | feudal territories, try capture Italian cities, lost Battle Legano |
Thomas Acquinas | argued both reason and faith can be used to solve moral question |
Magna Carta | Limited the power of monarchy, no raise tax without nobles, follow law, etc. |
Gothic Architecture | architecture of the Middle Ages with high ceilings, space, windows. |
Catholic Church | unified people, gave strength during the Middle Ages |
serf | peasant tied to land often for entire life. |
flagellants | those that beat themselves with sticks & whips during the Black Death |
Joan of Arc | French girl, inspired by God to lead the French over English 100 year war. |
Orleans | Famous battle won by Joan of Arc in Hundred Year's War |
War of the Roses | Civil War in England between Houses Lancaster/York over who will be king |
Sovereign Power | absolute power |
Great schism | split in church between France & Rome: 2 popes, one in each area |
Black Death | cause and effect. By fleas from rats - killed 1/3 population Europe, 35 million Asia |
Middle class | Revolted against nobles in Middle Ages and supported the king |
Hundred Years War | Started by England's Edward II who claimed the French throne |
Simony | buying and selling of church offices |
Religions | Judaism, Christianity & Islam |
Economics | study of goods and service production, money |
Social history | how groups get together, rules of behavior, and look at families, religion, education, and factors of life. |