Question | Answer |
inspiration | process when air is drawn into the body and eventually into the lungs |
expiration | process when carbon dioxide is exhaled or breathed out from the body |
alveol/o | air sacs/alveolus |
atel/o | incomplete |
bronch/o | bronchus |
bronchiol/o | bronchiole |
cost/o | rib |
epiglott/o | epiglottis |
hem/o | blood |
laryng/o | larynx |
nas/o | nose |
pector/o | chest |
pharyng/o | pharynx |
phren/o | diaphragm |
pleur/o | pleura |
pneum/o | air/lung |
pneumon/o | lung/air |
pulmon/o | lungs |
orth/o | straight |
ox/i | oxygen |
rhin/o | nose |
spir/o | to breathe |
thorac/o | chest/thorax |
trache/o | trachea |
a | without |
eu | normal |
dys | difficult |
hyper | above/excessive |
hypo | below/low |
inter | between |
tachy | fast |
algia | pain |
ary | pertaining to |
centesis | surgical puncture to remove fluid |
eal | pertaining to |
ectasis | dilatation/stretching |
ic | pertaining to |
meter | instrument to measure |
metry | process of measuring |
phonia | sound/voice |
phea | breathing |
ptysis | coughing/spitting up |
rrhagia | hemorrhage |
rraphy | suture/stitch |
rrhea | copious discharge |
stomy | formation of an opening into |
thorax | chest |
tomy | incision into |
septum | the nose is divided by a cartilage wall |
nostrils | openings of the nose |
paranasal sinuses | cavities in the skull opening into the nasal cavity |
pharynx | muscular tube that allows for the passage of air and food |
nasopharynx | upper section of the pharynx |
oropharynx | middle section of the pharynx |
laryngopharynx | lowest section of the pharynx |
epiglottis | small piece of cartilage that covers the larynx to prevent food from entering the larynx |
larynx | voice box; vocal cords; several pieces of cartilage, the largest piece is the thyroid cartilage or Adam's apple |
trachea | windpipe located in the front of the esophagus |
bronchi | part of the respiratory system, the trachea divides into a left and right bronchus |
bronchus | either of the two primary divisions of the trachea that lead respectively into the right and the left lung |
bronchiole | smaller tubes of the respiratory system, the bronchi divide into these tubes |
alveoli | air sacs, grape-like structures where oxygen and carbon dioxide pass |
lungs | part of the respiratory system that houses the bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, blood vessels and nerves; there is a left and a right lung |
apex | top part of the lung |
base | bottom part of the lung |
pleura | membrane that encloses the lungs |
pleural space (cavity) | space between the pleural layers |
diaphragm | principle muscle involved in breathing; separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities |
adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) | failure of the lungs to work in an adult as a result of disease or injury |
allergic rhinitis | reaction to airborne allergens; watery eyes, sneezing, red swollen eyelids, nasal congestion |
asphyxia | oxygen deprivation with high carbon dioxide level, leads to loss of consciousness or death |
asthma | lung disorder caused by swelling, inflammation, and constriction of the bronchi and bronchioles; causes wheezing and difficulty breathing |
atelectasis | incomplete expansion, collapse of microscopic structures of lung; can follow thoracic or abdominal surgery |
bronchiectasis | abnormal condition of bronchial tree, causes dilatation or expansion of bronchi |
bronchitis | acute or chronic inflammation of the bronchi |
bronchospasm | involuntary spasms of the bronchi; results in narrowing and blockage of bronchi; main feature of bronchitis and asthma |
chronic obstructive | progressive irreversible chronic disease |
pulmonary disease (COPD) | resulting in decreased lung capacity; caused and made worse by cigarette smoking |
croup | viral infection of young children; causes hoarseness, fever, "barking cough", dyspnea |
cystic fibrosis | genetic (hereditary) disorder; causes excessively thick mucus which is hard to expel, and becomes a site for bacterial growth, causing pheumonia |
emphysema, a Fubtype of COPD | destructive changes in alveolar walls; enlargement of air spaces; decreased elasticity of the lungs |
epistaxis | nosebleed |
influenza | viral respiratory infection; highly contagious, transmitted by airborne particles |
laryngitis | inflammation of the vocal cords; minimal or complete loss of voice |
aspirate | taking foreign material into lungs; act of withdrawing fluid with a suction device |
cyanosis | bluish discoloration of the skin, lips, tongue or nails |
expectoration | spitting up or coughing up mucus from the throat |
intubation | putting a breathing tube into the trachea by way of the mouth, nose, or throat to provide an airway for breathing |
nebulizer | device which delivers a fine spray or mist into respiratory tract |
patent | open |
respiratory therapist | professional who gives respiratory care and treatments |
sputum | material coughed up from lungs and spit out through the mouth |
ventilator | device used to assist in breathing or substitute for a patient's breathing |
aterial blood gas (ABG) | evaluation of aterial blood to check oxygen, carbon dioxide and other parameters |
bronchoscopy | visualization of the bronchi with a camera |
chest x-ray (CXR) | x-ray exam to determine health or disease process of the lungs |
laryngectomy | surgical removal of the larynx |
lobectomy | surgical removal of a lobe of the lung |
pleuocentesis | surgical puncture into pleural space to withdraw fluid |
pulse oximeter | electronic device, fits over the end of index finger to measure oxygen saturation of blood |
pulmonary function tests (PFT's) | tests to measure the ability of the lungs to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide and to identify abnormalities |
spirometry | process of measuring breathing of lung volumes by means of a spirometer |
thoracentesis | surgical puncture into chest or thorax to withdraw fluid |
tracheostomy | an opening through the neck into the trachea |
ventilation perfusion scan | nuclear medicine x-ray study of the lungs to identify abnormalities, like pulmonary embolus |
legionnaire disease | acute pneumonia, caused by Legionella pneumophila bacteria |
pleural effusion | presence of excess fluid in the pleural space |
pleurisy | inflammation of pleural membrane; causes sharp stabbing pain with respiration |
pneumonia | inflammation of lungs caused by bacteria or virus |
pneumothorax | air or gas in pleural space causing a part of the lung to collapse |
pulmonary edema | lungs swell as a result of abnormal accumulation of fluid in the lungs |
pulmonary embolism | pulmonary artery or ateriole is obstructed by a clot |
pulmonary heart disease (cor pulmonale) | heart failure caused by pulmonary disease; increased size in right ventricle as a result of increased blood pressure of the circulation to the lung |
sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) | sudden and unexplained death of a well infant, also call crib death |
tuberculosis (TB) | acute or chronic condition causes lesions and infiltration of lung tissue |
upper respiratory infection (URI) | symptoms associated with the common cold; caused by a virus or bacteria |