Question | Answer |
basic principles of surgical asepsis | -only sterile touches sterile or sterile field.
-if sterile field or supply is out of site it is contaminated.
-anything below the waist is contaminated.
-one inch edge of sterile field is contaminated. |
sterile techniques used in this type of asepsis | surgical asepsis |
when should hand washing be done? | -after skin contact
-after body fluid contact
-before invasive procedure
-after removing gloves |
clean technique procedures used to reduce amount of bio organisms | medical asepsis |
isolation guidelines state a patients room will stay in isolation for how long after patient is no longer in the room | 1 hour of room isolation |
isolation guidelines: contact precautions | -standard precautions
-face mask
-gown |
isolation guidelines: droplet precautions | -standard precautions
-face mask |
isolation guidelines: airborne precautions | -standard precautions
-fitted face mask |
isolation guidelines: standard precautions | -wash hands when entering room
-use gloves |
when are standard precautions used? | every patient is handled with this precaution |
isolation equipment | -gloves
-mask
-gown
-face shield / eyewear |
are isolation guidlines | -equipment
-standard precautions
-airborne precautions
-droplet precautions
-contact precautions |
risk factors for nosocomial infection | -number of care givers
-length of stay
-type/number of invasive procedures |
nosocomial infections | hospital aquired infection |
signs and symptoms of infection | -local: pain, swelling, redness, heat at sight.
-systemic: fever,malaise, leukocytosis,anorexia, n/v and lymph node enlargement. |
edema | swelling |
systemic | in blood |
malaise | general feeling of fatigue and bodily unease |
general risk factors of infection | -degree of resisrtance
-age
-multiple medical procedures
-stress
-disease
-medications |
host defense support | -adequate nutrition
-good hygiene
-rest and exercise
-reduction of stress
-immunization |
types of body defenses | -sneezing
-coughing
-diarherra |
inflammation | body's response to injury or infection. |
normal flora | natural/regular flora/bio organisms inside and outside of the body |
modes of transmission | -indirect contact
-direct contact
-air (small particles)
-droplet (larger particles) |
portals of exit/entry | -skin and mucosa
-respiratory tract
-g.i. tract
-urinary tract
-reproductive tract
-blood |
chain of infection: reservoir of growth | -o2:aerobic v. anaerobic
-water: moist
-temp.: warm
-pH: alkaline
-light: dark |
chain of infection: infectious agent | infectious agent must:
-have sufficiant number of organisms
-virulence
-must enter and survive in the host
-host must be vulnerable to agent |
communicable | contagious |
infection | invasion of a host by an infectious agent that replicates and survives in the tissue of the host |
virulence | ability to produce disease |
PPE | personal protection equipment |
amount of organisms in the gi tract | 750 trillion organisms residing |
akronym for white blood cells | wbc |
local infection | an infection involving bacteria that invade the body at a specific point and remain there, multiplying, until eliminated. |