Question | Answer |
a naturally occurring, solid mixture of one or more minerals and organic matter | rock |
a continual series of processes in which rock changes form from one rock type to another | rock cycle |
broken rock fragments or pieces | sediment |
process in which water, wind, ice and heat break down rock | weathering |
process in which water, wind, ice and gravity transport sediment and soil from one location to another | erosion |
the process in which sediment and other material is laid down | deposition |
movement within the Earth that causes rocks inside the Earth to be moved to the Earth's surface | uplift |
type of rock formed by the cooling and hardening of molten material | igneous rock |
rock formed by another rock being altered by heat or pressure or both | metamorphic rock |
rock formed from the weathered remains of other rock being compacted or cemented together | sedimentary rock |
molten rock or a mineral "soup" found at or near the Earth's surface | lava |
molten rock or a mineral "soup" found under the Earth's surface | magma |
the chemical makeup of a rock which describes either the minerals or the materials in the rock | composition |
the quality of the rock that is based upon the sizes, shapes, and positions of the rock;s grains (crystals) | texture |
igneous rock formed inside the Earth from magma cooling and hardening | intrusive igneous rock |
igneous rock formed outside of the Earth from lava cooling and hardening | extrusive igneous rock |
layers of rock | strata |
a sedimentary rock made from fragments of rock being compacted or cemented together | clastic sedimentary rock |
a sedimentary rock made from solutions of dissolved minerals and water | chemical sedimentary rock |
a sedimentary rock formed from the remains of ancient life | organic sedimentary rock |
metamorphic rock texture where the mineral grains (crystals) are arranged in planes or bands | foliated |
metamorphic rock texture where the mineral grains (crystals) are not arranged in planes or bands | nonfoliated |
A step in lithification; pressure due to the settling of other materials forcing sediment closer together | compaction |
A step in lithification; as heat and pressure increase the sediments can change chemically, this allows sediments to be "locked" or "glued" together into a solid rock | cementation |
Rocks that have been buried are exposed at Earth's surface because forces inside the Earth pushing them to the surface. | uplift |
This is the remains or impression of an ancient organism. These are only found in sedimentary rock (not igneous or metamorphic). | fossils |