| Type of Therapeutic Drug | Drugs |
| Topical Anesthetics | Proparacaine, Alcaine, Fluracaine (Short Acting)
Tetracaine (Long acting) |
| NSAIDS | Diclofenac Sodium sol'n (Voltaren) - TX of post-op inflammation, relief of photophobia
Ketorlac tromethamine sol'n (Acular) - relief of ocular itching d/t allergies
Flurbiprofen sodium sol'n (Ocufen, Allergan) - Prevention of intraoperative miosis |
| Corticosteroids | Prednisolone acetate sol'n (Pred Forte)
Prednisolone sodium phosphate
Dexamethasone/Tobramycin oint/susp. (Alcon)
Dexamethsone 0.05%, 0.1% oint/soln
Fluorometholone 0.1% soln (Flarex)
Fluorometholone 0.25% susp. (FML-Forte) |
| Decongestants | Naphazoline (Visine A, Clear Eyes, Vasoclear)
Tetrahydrolozine (Murine)
Patients with narrow anterior chamber angles or narrow-angle glaucoma should not use these products. |
| Antihistamines | Levocabastine HCL 0.05% soln (Livostin)
Emedastine difumarate 0.05% soln (Emadine)
Azelastin (Optilast)
Pheniramine maleate (Naphcon A, Opcon A) - OTC
Olopatadine HCL (Patanol) -mast cells
Cromolyn Sodium (Crolom) - mast cells |
| Antibiotics - Sulfonamides | MOA: Inhibits formation of folic acid
Used for: Lid infections, conjunctivitis, corneal abrasion/ulcer, prevention of infection
Sulfacetamide (Bleth 10)
Sulfisoxazole (Cetamide) |
| Antibiotics - Fluoroquinolones | Used especially in prevention/tx of pseudomonas infection
- Ciprofloxacin (Ciloxan) sol'n or ointment
- Ofloxacin (Ocuflox) sol'n
- Levofloxacin (Quixin)
- Gatifloxacin (Zymar)
- Moxifloxacin (Vigamox) |
| Antibiotics - Aminoglycosides | MOA: bind to ribosome and prevent tRNA synthesis
Used for: same as the sulfonamides
- Gentamycin (Garamycin) sol'n or ointment
- Tobramycin (Tobrex) sol'n
- Neomycin (Not used often because of high incidence of allergies) |
| Antibiotics - Other | - Erythromycin sol'n or ointment (used for prevention of gonorrhea transmission in childbirth)
- Bacitracin ointment (inhibits cell wall synthesis)
- Trimethoprim Sulfate - Polymyxin B Sulfate (Polytrim) |
| Antivirals | Trifuridine (Viroptic)
Vidarabine (Vira-a)
Idoxuridine (Herplex) |
| Cycloplegics | MOA: paralyzes the ciliary muscle, inducing pupil dilation
-Atropine (Isopto Atropine)
- Scopolamine (Isopto Hyoscine)
- Cyclopentolate (Cyclogyl)
- Mydriacyl (Tropicamide) |
| Agents for the TX of Glaucoma - Beta Blockers | * Decrease aqueous humor formation*
- Betaxolol (Betoptic) *The best one for asthmatics*
- Timolol maleate (Timoptic)
- Levobunolol (Betagan, AKBeta) |
| Agents for the TX of Glaucoma -Sympathomimetic (Alpha Adrenergic agonists) | * Reduce intraocular pressure (IOP) by increasing outflow and reducing production of aqueous humor*
- Brimonidine (Alphagan)
- Apraclonidine (Iopidine) 0.5%, 1% |
| Agents for the TX of Glaucoma - Miotics (parasympathomimetics) | * increased outflow of the aqueous fluid*
- Pilocarpine (Pilocar, Pilagan) |
| Agents for the TX of Glaucoma - Prostaglandin Analogs | * Increase uveoscleral outflow of the aqueous *
- Latanoprost (Xalatan)
- Travapost (Travoprost)
- Bimatoprost (Lumigan) |
| Agents for the TX of Glaucoma - Carbonic Anhydrous Inhibitors | * Reduce secretion of aqueous humor by inhibiting carbonic anhydrase in ciliary body *
- Dorzolamide HCl (Trusopt) 2%
- Brinzolamide (Azopt) 1% |
| Acetazolamide (Diamox) | Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor - Glaucoma |
| Dorzolamide HCl (Trusopt) 2% | Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitor - Glaucoma |
| How do Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors treat Glaucoma? | They reduce secretion of aqueous humor by inhibiting carbonic anhydrase in the ciliary body |
| Brinzolamide (Azopt) 1% | Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor - Glaucoma |
| How do Prostaglandin analogs treat Glaucoma? | They increase the uveoscleral outflow of the aqueous |
| Latanoprost (Xalatan) | Prostaglandin analog - Glaucoma |
| Travaprost (Travoprost) | Prostaglandin analog - Glaucoma |
| Bimatoprost (Lumigan) | Prostaglandin analog - Glaucoma |
| How do Miotics (parasympathomimetics) treat Glaucoma? | They increase the outflow of the aqueous fluid |
| Pilocarpine (Pilocar, Pilagan) | Miotic (parasympathomimetic) - Glaucoma |
| How do Sympathomimetics (alpha adrenergic agonists) treat glaucoma? | They reduce IOP by increasing outflow and reducing production of aqueous humor |
| Brimonidine (Alphagan) | Sympathomimetic (alpha adrenergic agonist) - glaucoma |
| Apraclonidine (Iopidine) | Sympathomimetic (alpha adrenergic agonist) - glaucoma |
| How do Beta Blockers treat Glaucoma? | They decrease aqueous humor formation |
| Betaxolol (Betoptic) | Beta Blocker - Glaucoma *Best one for asthmatics* |
| Timolol maleate (Timoptic) | Beta blocker - Glaucoma |
| Levobunolol (Betagan, AKBeta) | Beta Blocker - Glaucoma |
| What do cycloplegics do? | They paralyze the ciliary muscle, inducing pupil dilation |
| Atropine (Isopto Atropine) | Cycloplegic |
| Scopolamine (Isopto Hyoscine) | Cycloplegic |
| Cyclopentolate (Cyclogyl) | Cycloplegic |
| Mydriacyl (Tropicamide) | Cycloplegic |
| Trifuridine (Viroptic) | Antiviral |
| Vidarabine (Vira-a) | Antiviral |
| Idoxuridine (Herplex) | Antiviral |
| Erythromycin sol’n or ointment | Antibiotics - other |
| Bacitracin ointment | Antibiotics - other *inhibits cell wall synthesis* |
| Trimetoprim Sulfate | Antibiotics - other |
| Polymyxin B Sulfate (Polytrim) | Antibiotics - other |
| How do Aminglycoside antibiotics treat eye infections? | They bind to the ribosome and prevent tRNA synthesis |
| Gentamycin (Garamycin) | Aminoglycoside antibiotic |
| Tobramycin (Tobrex) | Aminoglycoside antibiotic |
| Which aminoglycoside antibiotic is not used often because of its high incidence of allergic reactions? | Neomycin |
| Neomycin | Aminoglycoside antibiotic |
| When is the use of fluoroquinolones strong encouraged? | For infections involving contact lens wearers (pseudomonas) |
| Ciprofloxacin (Ciloxan) | Fluoroquinolone |
| Ofloxacin (Ocuflox) | Fluoroquinolone |
| Levofloxacin (Quixin) | Fluorquinolone |
| Gatifloxacin (Zymar) | Fluoroquinolone |
| Moxifloxacin (Vigamox) | Fluoroquinolone |
| How do the sulfonamides treat eye infections? | They inhibit the formation of folic acid |
| What are the sulfonamides used to treat? | Lid infections, conjunctivitis, corneal abrasions/ulcers and prevention of infections |
| Sulfacetamide (Bleth 10) | Sulfonamide |
| Sulfoxazole (Cetamide) | Sulfonamide |
| In what patient is the use of ocular antihistamines contraindicated? | Contact lens wearers |
| Levocabastine HCL (Livostin) | Antihistamine |
| Emedastine difumarate (Emadine) | Antihistamine |
| Azelastin (Optilast) | Antihistamine |
| Pheniramine maleate (Naphcone A, Opcon A) | Antihistamine OTC |
| Olopatadine HCL (Patanol) | Antihistamine - mast cell stabilizer |
| Cromolyn Sodium (Crolom) | Antihistamine - mast cell stabilizer |
| In what patient is the use of ocular decongestants contraindicated? | Patients with narrow-angle glaucoma |
| Naphazoline (Visine A, Clear Eyes, Vasoclear) | Decongestant |
| Tetrahydrolize (Murine) | Decongestant |
| Prednisolone acetate (Pred Forte) | Corticosteroids |
| Prednisolone sodium phosphate | Corticosteroid |
| Dexamethasone/Tobramycin oint/susp (Alcon) | Corticosteroid |
| Dexamethasone oint/susp | Corticosteroid |
| Fluorometholone (Flarex) | Corticosteroid |
| Fluorometholone 0.25% susp. (FML - forte) | Corticosteroid |
| Diclofenac sodium (Voltaren) | NSAID (used for TX of post-op inflammation, relief of photophobia) |
| Ketorlac tromethamine sol’n (Acular) | NSAID (used for relief of ocular itching due to allergies) |
| Flurbiprofen sodium (Ocufen, Allergan) | NSAID (used for prevention of intraoperative miosis) |
| Proparacaine | Topical anesthetic - short acting |
| Alcaine | Topical Anesthetic - short acting |
| Fluracaine | Topical anesthetic - short acting |
| Tetracaine | Topical Anesthetic - Long Acting |
