Question | Answer |
kidneys | nephr, ren |
renal pelvis | pyel |
urine | ur, urin |
ureters | ureter |
urinary bladder | cyst |
urethra | urethr |
prostate | prostat |
kidneys | sit retroperitoneally with one on each side |
renal cortex | outer region of kidney |
urination | micturation |
nephrologist | specializes in kidneys |
nephroptosis | floating kidney |
nephrolithiasis | presence of stones in kidney |
nephrolith | kidney stone |
cystolith | stone in bladder |
ureterectasis | distention (enlargement) of ureter |
ureterorrhagia | bleeding from ureter |
urethrorrhagia | bleeding from urethra |
urethrostenosis | narrowing of urethra |
diuresis | increased output of urine |
dysuria | difficult or painful urine |
enuresis | involuntary discharge of urine |
nocturia | excessive urination at night |
polyuria | excessive urination |
cystoscopy | visual exam of bladder |
KUB | X-ray of kidneys, ureters, and bladder |
diuretics | meds to increase urination |
nephrolysis | freeing of kidney from adhesions |
lithotripsy | used to break up stones with ultrasonic waves |
ureteroplasty | surgical repair of ureter |
lithotomy | surgical incision for stone removal |
brain | cerebr, encephal |
spinal cord | myel |
nerves | neur |
ganglion | nerve center made up of CLUSTER OF NERVE CELLS outside central nervous system |
plexus | network of INTERSECTING spinal nerves |
receptors | SITES in sensory organs |
stimulus | excites a nerve and causes a response |
norepinephrine | released at synaptic nerve endings, responds to hypotension. |
tract | a group of NERVE FIBERS in brain or spinal cord |
dementia | slowly progressive decline in mental abilities. |
encephalitis | inflammation of the brain |
lethargy | listlessness, drowsiness, and apathy |
stupor | unresponsive state, can be aroused only briefly with vigorous attempts. |
syncope | fainting |
coma | no response to painful stimuli |
persistent vegetative state | come in which the patient can have sleep and wake cycles. |
CVA | cerebrovascular accident, stroke |
cerebral thrombosis | clot to artery in brain |
TIA | transient ischemic attack, temporary interruption of blood to brain |
hemorrhagic stroke | bleeding from blood vessel in brain, can occur from an aneurysm |
aphasia | loss of ability to speak |
narcolepsy | sleep disorder, uncontrollable episodes of sleep |
demyelination | loss of myelin sheath |
sciatica | inflammation that causes pain down leg, thigh, and foot |
anticonvulsant | med to prevent seizures |
sedative | depresses cns without sleep |
topical anesthesia | on tissue surface |
local anesthesia | in a limited area |
regional aneshesia | to numb a group of nerves |
orbit | eye socket |
OD | right eye |
OS | left eye |
OU | both eyes |
canthus | where upper and lower eyelids meet |
cilia | eyelashes |
conjuctiva | transparent mucous membranes to protect eye |
lacrimal sacs or canals | tear sac |
lacrimal duct | nasolacrimal duct |
optic | pertaining to eye or sight |
ocular | pertaining to eye |
extraocular | outside eyeball |
intraocular | within eyeball |
sclera | white of eye |
choroid | opaque middle layer, provides blood supply to eye |
retina | innermost layer in posterior of eye |
intraocular pressure | fluid pressure inside of eye |
iris | colorful muscular layer around pupil |
cornea | transparent outer surface of eye covering iris and pupil |
pupil | black opening in center of iris |
lens | curved structure that focuses images on retina |
accommodation | eye makes adjustments for seeing at different distances |
Ophthalmologists | specializes in eye diseases |
optometrists | specializes in visual exams |
conjuctivitis | pink eye |
corneal abrasion | scratch or irritation to cornea |
corneal ulcer | pitting of cornea |
cataract | loss of transparency of lens |
retinal tear | hole in retina that is pulled away |
glaucoma | increase in intraocular pressure |
macular degeneration | peripheral vision may stay normal |
nyctalopia | night blindness |
strabismus | any disorder where eyes point in different direction |
esotropia | crosseyes |
exotropia | walleye, outward diviation |
visual field testing | determines loss in peripheral vision |
corneal transplant | keratoplasty |
retinopexy | used to reattach detached area in retina |
pinna | auricle, external part of ear |
tympanic membrane | eardrum |
malleus | hammer |
incus | anvil |
stapes | stirrup |
eustacian tubes | equalizes air pressure in middle ear with outside |
oval window | separates middle ear from inner ear |
bone conduction | the auditory ossicles vibrate and conduct sound waves through the middle ear. |
otalgia | earache |
otitis | inflammation of ear |
otomycosis | swimmers ear, FUNGAL INFECTION |
otopyorrhea | flow of pus from ear |
otorragia | bleeding from ear |
otosclerosis | ankylosis of bones of middle ear, fused together |
presbycusis | gradual loss of hearing in aging |
conductive hearing loss | sound waves can't pass through fluid filled ear |
sensorineural hearing loss | nerve of hair cells in inner ear are damaged |
tympanostomy tubes | to relieve pressure and drain fluid |
skin | cutane, derm |
nails | onych, unbga |
cutaneous | relating to skin |
epidermis | outermost layer of skin |
epidermis | does not contain blood vessels or connective tissue |
dermis | corium, below epidermis |
spinal anesthesia | to numb spinal cord |
general anesthesia | total loss of body sensation |
neuroplasty | surgical repair of nerve |
neurorrhaphy | surgical suturing of nerve |
neurotomy | surgical incision of nerve |
post traumatic stress disorder | stress caused by traumatic experience |
acrophobia | fear of high places |
agoraphobia | fear of situations that cause panic attacks |
claustrophobia | fear of being enclosed |
ADD | attention deficit disorder |
dyslexia | developmental reading disorder |
kleptomania | causes stealing |
pyromania | disorder to set fires |
conversion disorder | changes to physical function that is caused by traumatic experience (mentally going blind) |
SSRI | serotonin re-uptake inhibitor selective (meds used for depression) |
eyes | opt, optic, ophthalm |
retina | retin |
ears | ot |
sound | acous, audi |
AD | right ear |
AS | left ear |
AU | both ears |
collagen | glue like material in skin |
heparin | anticoagulant |
sebaceous gland | located in dermis, associated with hair follicles, secretes sebum. |
sweat glands | sudoriferous glands |
perspiring | sweating |
fissure | groove like crack in skin |
strawberry hemangioma | soft raised dark red purple birthmark |
lupus erythematosis | autoimmune disorder causes butterfly rash |
keloid | abnormal scar beyond incision |
keratosis | wart or callus |
lipoma | benign fatty tumor between skin and muscle |
nevi | moles |
polyp | mushroom like growth from surface of mucous membrane |
skin tags | polyps hang from skin by stalks |
actinic keratosis | precancerous growth on sun damaged skin |
botox | temporarily blocks nerves |
tinea | ringworm (fungus) |