Question | Answer |
ur/o | urine; urinary tract |
ureter/o | ureter |
urethr/o | urethra |
-uria | urination; condition of urine |
urin/o | urine |
-us | thing |
uter/o | uterus; womb |
uve/o | Uvea: Part of the eye, consisting collectively of the iris, the choroid of the eye, and the ciliary body |
uvul/o | uvula |
vag/o | vagus nerve |
vagin/o | vagina |
valv/o | valve |
valvul/o | valve |
varic/o | varicose veins |
vas/o | vessel; duct; vas deferens |
vascul/o | blood vessel |
ven/o | vein |
venere/o | sexual intercourse |
ventr/o | belly side of body |
ventricul/o | ventricle (of brain or heart) |
venul/o | venule; small vein |
-verse | to turn |
-version | to turn |
vertebr/o | vertebra (back bone) |
vesic/o | urinary bladder |
vesicul/o | seminal vesicle |
viscer/o | internal organs |
vit/o | life |
vitr/o | glass |
viv/o | life |
vol/o | to roll |
vulv/o | vulva |
xanth/o | yellow |
xen/o | stranger |
xer/o | dry |
xiph/o | sword |
-y | condition; process |
zo/o | animal life |
-thymia | mind |
-thymic | pertaining to mind |
thyr/o | thyroid gland; shield |
thyroid/o | thyroid gland |
tibi/o | tibia (shin bone) |
-tic | pertaining to |
-tion | process |
toc/o | labor; birth |
-tocia | labor; birth |
-tocin | labor; birth |
tom/o | to cut |
-tome | instrument to cut |
-tomy | process of cutting |
ton/o | tension |
tone/o | to stretch |
tonsill/o | tonsil |
top/o | place; position; location |
tox/o | poison |
toxic/o | poison |
trache/o | trachea (windpipe) |
trans- | across |
-tresia | opening |
tri- | three |
trich/o | hair |
trigon/o | trigone |
-tripsy | to crush |
troph/o | nourishment; development |
-trophy | nourishment; development |
-tropia | to turn |
-tropic | turning |
-tropin | stimulate; act on |
tympan/o | tympanic membrane (eardrum); middle ear |
-type | classification; picture |
-ule | little; small |
uln/o | ulna (medial lower arm bone) |
ultra- | beyond; excess |
-um | structure; tissue; thing |
umbilic/o | navel; umbilical cord |
ungu/o | nail |
uni- | one |
stern/o | sternum (breastbone) |
steth/o | chest |
-sthenia | strength |
-stitial | to set; pertaining to standing or positioned |
stomat/o | mouth |
-stomy | new opening (to form a mouth) |
strept/o | twisted chains |
styl/o | pole or stake |
sub- | under; below |
submaxill/o | mandible (lower jaw bone) |
-suppression | to stop |
supra- | above |
sym- | together; with |
syn- | together; with |
syncop/o | to cut off |
syndesm/o | ligament |
synov/o | synovia; synovial membrane; sheath around a tendon |
syring/o | tube |
tachy- | fast |
tars/o | tarsus (ankle bone) |
tax/o | order; coordination |
tel/o | complete |
tele/o | distant |
ten/o | tendon |
tendin/o | tendon |
terat/o | monster; malformed fetus |
test/o | testis; testicle |
tetra- | four |
thalam/o | thalamus |
thalass/o | sea |
the/o | put; place |
thec/o | sheath |
thel/o | nipple |
therapeut/o | treatment |
-therapy | treatment |
therm/o | heat |
thorac/o | chest |
-thorax | pleural cavity; chest |
thromb/o | clot |
thym/o | thymus gland |
sebace/o | saebum |
sect/o | to cut |
semi- | half |
semin/i | semen; seed |
seps/o | infection |
sial/o | saliva |
sialaden/o | salivary gland |
sider/o | iron |
sigmoid/o | sigmoid colon |
silic/o | glass |
sinus/o | sinus |
-sis | state of; condition |
-sol | solution |
somat/o | body |
-somes | bodies |
somn/o | sleep |
-somnia | sleep |
son/o | sound |
-spadia | to tear |
-spasm | sudden contraction of muscles |
sperm/o | spermatozoa; sperm cells |
spermat/o | spermatozoa; sperm cells |
sphen/o | wedge; sphenoid bone |
spher/o | globe-shaped; round |
sphygm/o | pulse |
-sphyxia | pulse |
spin/o | spine (backbone); spinal cord |
spir/o | to breathe |
splen/o | spleen |
spondyl/o | vertebrae (back bone) |
squam/o | scale |
-stalsis | contraction |
staped/o | stapes (middle ear bone) |
staphyl/o | clusters; uvula |
-stasis | stop; control; place |
-static | pertaining to stopping; controlling |
steat/o | fat |
-stenosis | tightening; stricture |
ster/o | solid structure; steroid |
stere/o | solid; three-dimensional |
pyr/o | fever; fire |
pyret/o | fever |
pyrex/o | fever |
quadri- | four |
rachi/o | spinal column; vertebrae |
radi/o | x-rays; radioactivity; radius (lateral lower arm bone) |
radicul/o | nerve root |
re- | back; again; backward |
rect/o | rectum |
ren/o | kidney |
reticul/o | network |
retin/o | retina |
retro- | behind; back; backward |
rhabdomy/o | striated (skeletal) muscle |
rheumat/o | watery flow |
rhin/o | nose |
roentgen/o | x-rays |
-rrhage | bursting forth of blood |
-rrhagia | bursting forth of blood |
-rrhaphy | suture |
-rrhea | flow; discharge |
-rrhexis | rupture |
rrhythm/o | rhythm |
sacr/o | sacrum |
salping/o | uterine (fallopian) tube; oviduct; auditory (eustachian) |
tube | |
-salpinx | uterine (fallopian) tube; oviduct |
sarc/o | flesh (connective tissue) |
scapul/o | scapula; shoulder blade |
-schisis | to split |
schiz/o | split |
scintill/o | spark |
scirrh/o | hard |
scler/o | sclera (white of eye) |
-sclerosis | hardening |
scoli/o | crooked; bent |
-scope | instrument for visual examination |
-scopy | visual examination |
scot/o | darkness |
seb/o | sebum |
pleur/o | pleura |
plex/o | plexus; network (of nerves) |
-pnea | breathing |
pneum/o | lung; air |
pneumon/o | lung; air |
pod/o | foot |
-poiesis | formation |
-poietin | substance that forms |
poikil/o | varied; irregular |
pol/o | extreme |
polio- | gray matter of brain or spinal cord |
poly- | many; much |
polyp/o | polyp; small growth |
pont/o | pons (a part of the brain) |
-porosis | lessening in density |
post- | after; behind |
poster/o | back (of body); behind |
-prandial | meal |
-praxia | action |
pre- | before; in front of |
presby/o | old age |
primi- | first |
pro- | before |
proct/o | anus and rectum |
pros- | before |
prostat/o | prostate gland |
prot/o | first |
proxim/o | near |
prurit/o | itching |
pseudo- | false |
psych/o | mind |
-ptosis | droop; sag; prolapse; fall |
-ptysis | spitting |
pub/o | pubis (part of hip bone) |
pulmon/o | lung |
pupill/o | pupil |
purul/o | pus-filled |
py/o | pus |
pyel/o | renal pelvis |
pylor/o | pylorus; pyloric sphincter |
pharmaceut/o | drug |
pharyng/o | throat; pharynx |
phas/o | speech |
-phasia | speech |
phe/o | dusky; dark |
-pheresis | removal |
phil/o | like; love; attraction to |
-phil | attraction for |
-philia | attraction for |
phim/o | muzzle |
phleb/o | vein |
phob/o | fear |
-phobia | fear |
phon/o | voice; sound |
-phonia | voice; sound |
-phoresis | carrying; transmission |
-phoria | to bear |
-phor/o | to bear |
phot/o | light |
phren/o | diaphragm; mind |
-phthisis | wasting away |
-phylaxis | protection |
phys/o | growing |
physi/o | nature |
-physis | to grow |
phyt/o | plant |
-phyte | plant |
pil/o | hair |
pineal/o | pineal gland |
pituitar/o | pituitary gland |
-plakia | plaque |
plant/o | sole of the foot |
plas/o | development; formation |
-plasia | development; formation; growth |
-plasm | formation |
-plastic | pertaining to formation |
-plasty | surgical repair |
ple/o | more; many |
-plegia | paralysis; palsy |
-plegic | paralysis; palsy |
oxy- | swift; sharp; acid |
oxysm/o | sudden |
pachy- | heavy; thick |
palat/o | palate |
palpebr/o | eyelid |
pan- | all |
pancreat/o | pancreas |
papill/o | nipple-like; optic disk (disc) |
par- | other than; abnormal |
para- | near; beside; abnormal; apart from; along the side of |
-para | to bear |
-parous | to bear |
parathyroid/o | parathyroid glands |
-paresis | slight paralysis |
-pareunia | sexual intercourse |
-partum | birth; labor |
patell/a | patella |
patell/o | patella |
path/o | disease |
-pathy | disease; emotion |
pector/o | chest |
ped/o | child; foot |
pelv/i | pelvic bone; hip |
pelv/o | pelvic cavity; hip |
pend/o | to hang |
-penia | deficiency |
-pepsia | digestion |
per- | through |
peri- | surrounding |
perine/o | perineum |
peritone/o | peritoneum |
perone/o | fibula |
-pexy | fixation; to put in place |
phac/o | lens of eye |
phag/o | eat; swallow |
-phage | eat; swallow |
-phagia | eating; swallowing |
phak/o | lens of eye |
phalang/o | phalanges (finger or toe) |
pharmac/o | drug |
-oid | resembling |
-ole | little; small |
olecran/o | olecranon; elbow |
olig/o | scanty |
-oma | tumor; mass; fluid collection |
om/o | shoulder |
omphal/o | umbilical cord |
onc/o | tumor |
-one | hormone |
onych/o | nail |
o/o | egg |
oophor/o | ovary |
-opaque | obscure |
ophthalm/o | eye |
-opia | vision |
-opsia | vision |
-opsy | view of |
opt/o | eye; vision |
optic/o | eye; vision |
-or | one who |
or/o | mouth |
orch/o | testis |
orchi/o | testis |
orchid/o | testis |
-orexia | appetite |
orth/o | straight |
-ose | full of |
-osis | abnormal condition |
-osmia | smell |
ossicul/o | ossicle (small bone) |
oste/o | bone |
-ostosis | condition of bone |
ot/o | ear |
-otia | ear condition |
-ous | pertaining to |
ov/o | egg |
ovari/o | ovary |
ovul/o | egg |
ox/o | oxygen |
-oxia | oxygen |
mi/o | smaller; less |
micro- | small |
-mimetic | mimic; coy |
-mission | to send |
mon/o | one; single |
mono- | one; single |
morph/o | shape; form |
mort/o | death |
muc/o | mucus |
mucos/o | mucous membrane (mucosa) |
multi- | many |
mut/a | genetic change |
mutagen/o | causing genetic change |
my/o | muscle |
myc/o | fungus |
mydr/o | wide |
myel/o | spinal cord; bone marrow |
myocardi/o | myocardium (heart muscle) |
myom/o | muscle |
myring/o | tympanic membrane (eardrum) |
myx/o | mucus |
narc/o | numbness; stupor; sleep |
nas/o | nose |
nat/i | birth |
natr/o | sodium |
necr/o | death |
nect/o | to bind |
neo- | new |
nephr/o | kidney |
neur/o | nerve |
neutr/o | neither; neutral |
nid/o | nest |
noct/i | night |
norm/o | rule; order |
nucle/o | nucleus |
nulli- | none |
nyct/o | night |
obstetr/o | midwife |
ocul/o | eye |
odont/o | tooth |
lob/o | lobe |
log/o | study of |
-logy | study of |
lord/o | curve; swayback |
-lucent | to shine |
lumb/o | lower back; loin |
lux/o | to slide |
lymph/o | lymph |
lymphaden/o | lymph gland |
lymphangi/o | lymph vessel |
-lysis | breakdown; separation; destruction; loosening |
-lytic | to reduce |
macro- | large |
mal- | bad |
-malacia | softening |
malleol/o | malleolus |
mamm/o | breast |
mandibul/o | mandible (lower jaw bone) |
-mania | obsessive preoccupation |
mast/o | breast |
mastoid/o | mastoid process |
maxill/o | maxilla (upper jaw bone) |
meat/o | meatus (opening) |
medi/o | middle |
mediastin/o | mediastinum |
medull/o | medulla (inner section); middle; soft |
mega- | large |
-megaly | enlargement |
melan/o | black |
men/o | menses; menstruation |
mening/o | membranes; meninges |
meningi/o | membranes; meninges |
ment/o | mind; chin |
meso- | middle |
meta- | change; beyond |
metacarp/o | metacarpals (hand bones) |
metatars/o | metatarsals (foot bones) |
-meter | measure |
metr/o | uterus; womb; measure |
metri/o | uterus; womb |
-ist | specialist |
-itis | inflammation |
-ium | structure; tissue |
jejun/o | jejunum |
kal/i | potassium |
kary/o | nucleus |
kerat/o | horny |
kern- | nucleus (collection of nerve cells in the brain) |
ket/o | ketones; acetones |
keton/o | ketones; acetones |
kines/o | movement |
kinesi/o | movement |
-kinesia | movement |
-kinesis | movement |
klept/o | to steal |
kyph/o | humpback |
labi/o | lip |
lacrim/o | tear; tear duct; lacrimal duct |
lact/o | milk |
lamin/o | lamina (part of vertebral arch) |
lapar/o | abdominal wall; abdomen |
-lapse | to slide |
laryng/o | larynx (voice box) |
later/o | side |
leiomy/o | smooth (visceral) muscle |
-lemma | sheath |
-lepsy | seizure |
lept/o | thin |
-leptic | to seize |
leth/o | death |
leuk/o | white |
-lexia | word; phrase |
lex/o | word; phrase |
ligament/o | ligament |
lingu/o | tongue |
lip/o | fat; lipid |
-listhesis | slipping |
lith/o | stone; calculus |
-lithiasis | condition of stones |
-lithotomy | incision (for removal) of a stone |
histi/o | tissue |
home/o | sameness; unchanging; constant |
hormon/o | hormone |
humer/o | humerus (upper arm bone) |
hydr/o | water |
hyper- | above; excessive |
hypn/o | sleep |
hypo- | deficient; below; under |
hypophys/o | pituitary gland |
hyster/o | uterus; womb |
-ia | condition |
-iac | pertaining to |
-iasis | abnormal condition |
iatro/o | physician; treatment |
-ic | pertaining to |
-ical | pertaining to |
ichthy/o | dry; scaly |
idi/o | unknown; individual; distinct |
ile/o | ileum |
ili/o | ilium |
immun/o | immune; protection; safe |
in- | in; into; not |
-in | -ine |
-ine | pertaining to |
infra- | below; inferior to; beneath |
inguin/o | groin |
inter- | between |
intra- | within; into |
iod/o | iodine |
ion/o | ion; to wander |
-ion | process |
-ior | pertaining to |
ipsi- | same |
ir- | in |
ir/o | iris (colored portion of eye) |
irid/o | iris (colored portion of eye) |
is/o | same; equal |
isch/o | to hold back; back |
ischi/o | ischium (part of hip bone) |
-ism | process; condition |
gastr/o | stomach |
gen/o | producing; produced by |
-gen | producing; forming |
-genesis | producing; forming |
-genic | produced by or in |
gester/o | pregnancy |
gingiv/o | gum |
glauc/o | gray |
gli/o | glu; neuroglial tissue (supportive tissue of nervous |
system) | |
-globin | protein |
-globulin | protein |
glomerul/o | glomerulus |
gloss/o | tongue |
gluc/o | glucose; sugar |
glyc/o | glucose; sugar |
glycogen/o | glycogen; animal starch |
glycos/o | glucose; sugar |
gnos/o | knowledge |
gon/o | seed |
gonad/o | sex glands |
goni/o | angle |
-grade | to go |
-gram | record |
granul/o | granule(s) |
-graph | instrument for recording |
-graphy | process of recording |
gravid/o | pregnancy |
-gravida | pregnant woman |
gynec/o | woman; female |
hallucin/o | hallucination |
hem/o | blood |
hemat/o | blood |
hemi- | half |
hemoglobin/o | hemoglobin |
hepat/o | liver |
herni/o | hernia |
-hexia | habit |
hidr/o | sweat |
hist/o | tissue |
epididym/o | epididymis |
epiglott/o | epiglottis |
episi/o | vulva |
-er | one who |
erg/o | work |
erythem/o | flushed; redness |
erythr/o | red |
-esis | condition |
eso- | inward |
esophag/o | esophagus |
-esthes/o | nervous sensation |
esthesi/o | feeling (nervous sensation) |
-esthesia | nervous sensation |
estr/o | female |
ethm/o | sieve |
eti/o | cause |
eu- | good; normal |
-eurysm | widening |
ex- | out; away from |
exanthemat/o | rash |
exo- | out; away from |
extra- | outside |
faci/o | face |
fasci/o | fascia |
femor/o | femur (thigh bone) |
-ferent | to carry |
fibr/o | fiber |
fibros/o | fibrous connective tissue |
fibul/o | fibula |
-fication | process of making |
-fida | split |
flex/o | to bend |
fluor/o | luminous |
follicul/o | follicle; small sac |
-form | resembling; in the shape of |
fung/o | fungus; mushroom |
furc/o | forking; branching |
-fusion | to pour |
galact/o | milk |
ganglion/o | ganglion; collection of nerve cell bodies |
dermat/o | skin |
desicc/o | drying |
-desis | to bind |
dia- | complete; through |
diaphor/o | sweat |
-dilation | widening; stretching; expanding |
dipl/o | double |
dips/o | thirst |
dist/o | far; distant |
dors/o | back (of body) |
dorsi- | back |
-dote | what is given |
-drome | to run |
duct/o | to lead |
duoden/o | duodenum |
dur/o | dura mater |
-dynia | pain |
dys- | bad; painful; difficult; abnormal |
-eal | pertaining to |
ec- | out; outside |
echo- | reflected sound |
-ectasia | stretching; dilation; expansion |
-ectasis | stretching; dilation; expansion |
ecto- | out; outside |
-ectomy | removal; excision; resection |
-edema | swelling |
-elasma | flat plate |
electr/o | electricity |
em- | in |
-ema | condition |
-emesis | vomiting |
-emia | blood condition |
-emic | pertaining to blood condition |
emmetr/o | in due measure |
en- | in; within |
encephal/o | brain |
endo- | in; within |
enter/o | intestines (usually small intestine) |
eosin/o | red; rosy; dawn-colored |
epi- | above; upon; on |
colon/o | colon (large intestine) |
colp/o | vagina |
comat/o | deep sleep |
con- | together |
coni/o | dust |
conjunctiv/o | conjunctiva |
-constriction | narrowing |
contra- | against; opposite |
cor- | heart |
cor/o | pupil |
corne/o | cornea |
coron/o | heart |
corpor/o | body |
cortic/o | cortex |
cost/o | rib |
crani/o | skull |
cras/o | Mixture; temperament |
crin/o | secrete |
-crine | secrete; separate |
-crit | to separate |
cry/o | cold |
crypt/o | hidden |
culd/o | cul-de-sac |
-cusis | hearing |
cutane/o | skin |
cyan/o | blue |
cycl/o | ciliary body of eye; cycle |
-cyesis | pregnancy |
cyst/o | urinary bladder; cyst; sac of fluid |
cyt/o | cell |
-cyte | cell |
-cytosis | condition of cells; slight increase in numbers |
dacry/o | tear; lacrimal duct; tear duct |
dacryocyst/o | tear sac; lacrimal sac |
dactyl/o | fingers; toes |
de- | lack of; down; less; removal of |
dem/o | people |
dent/i | tooth |
derm/o | skin |
-derma | skin |
celi/o | belly; abdomen |
-centesis | surgical puncture to remove fluid |
cephal/o | head |
cerebell/o | cerebellum |
cerebr/o | brain; cerebrum |
cerumin/o | cerumen |
cervic/o | neck; cervix (neck of uterus) |
-chalasia | relaxation |
cheil/o | lip |
chem/o | drug; chemical |
-chezia | defecation; elimination of wastes |
chir/o | hand |
chol/e | bile; gall |
cholangi/o | bile vessel |
cholecyst/o | gallbladder |
choledoch/o | common bile duct |
cholesterol/o | cholesterol |
chondr/o | cartilage |
chore/o | dance |
chori/o | chorion |
chorion/o | chorion |
choroid/o | choroid layer of eye |
chrom/o | color |
chron/o | time |
chym/o | to pour |
cib/o | meal |
-cidal | pertaining to killing |
cine/o | movement |
cirrh/o | orange-yellow |
cis/o | to cut |
-clasis | to break |
-clast | to break |
claustr/o | enclosed space |
clavicul/o | clavicle (collar bone) |
-clysis | irrigation; washing |
coagul/o | coagulation (clotting) |
-coccus | berry-shaped bacterium (-cocci |
coccyg/o | coccyx (tailbone) |
col/o | colon (large intestine) |
coll/a | glue |
bacill/o | bacilli (bacteria) |
bacteri/o | bacteria |
balun/o | glans penis |
bar/o | pressure; weight |
bartholin/o | Bartholin's glands |
bas/o | base; opposite of acid |
bi- | two |
bi/o | life |
bil/i | bile; gall |
bilirubin/o | bilirubin |
-blast | embryonic; immature |
blephar/o | eyelid |
bol/o | cast; throw |
brachi/o | arm |
brachy- | short |
brady- | slow |
bronch/o | bronchial tube (bronchus) |
bronchi/o | bronchial tube (bronchus) |
bronchiol/o | bronchiole |
bucc/o | cheek |
bunion/o | bunion |
burs/o | bursa (sac of fluid near joints) |
byssin/o | cotton dust |
cac/o | bad |
calc/o | calcium |
calci/o | calcium |
calcane/o | calcaneus (heel bone) |
cali/o | calyx |
calic/o | calyx |
capn/o | carbon dioxide |
-capnia | carbon dioxide |
carcin/o | cancerous |
cardi/o | heart |
carp/o | wrist bones |
cata- | down |
caud/o | tail; lower part of body |
caus/o | burn; burning |
cauter/o | heat; burn |
cec/o | cecum |
-cele | hernia |
angi/o | vessel |
anis/o | unequal |
ankyl/o | crooked; bent; stiff |
ante- | before; forward |
anter/o | front |
anthrac/o | coal |
anti- | against |
anxi/o | uneasy; anxious |
aort/o | aorta |
-apheresis | removal |
aphth/o | ulcer |
apo- | off |
aponeur/o | aponeurosis (type of tendon) |
append/o | appendix |
appendic/o | appendix |
aque/o | water |
-ar | pertaining to |
-arche | beginning |
arter/o | artery |
arteri/o | artery |
arteriol/o | arteriole |
arthr/o | joint |
-arthria | articulate (speak distinctly) |
articul/o | joint |
-ary | pertaining to |
asbest/o | asbestos |
-ase | enzyme |
-asthenia | lack of strength |
atel/o | incomplete |
ather/o | plaque (fatty substance) |
-ation | process |
atri/o | atrium |
audi/o | hearing |
audit/o | hearing |
aur/o | ear |
auricul/o | ear |
aut/o | self |
auto- | self |
axill/o | armpit |
azot/o | urea; nitrogen |
a- | no; not; without |
ab- | away from |
abdomin/o | abdomen |
-ac | pertaining to |
acanth/o | spiny; thorny |
acetabul/o | acetabulum (hip socket) |
acous/o | hearing |
acr/o | extremities; top; extreme point |
acromi/o | acromion |
actin/o | light |
acu/o | sharp; severe; sudden |
ad- | toward |
aden/o | gland |
adenoid/o | adenoids |
adip/o | fat |
adren/o | adrenal glands |
adrenal/o | adrenal glands |
aer/o | air |
af- | toward |
agglutin/o | clumping; sticking together |
-agon | to assemble |
agora- | marketplace |
-agra | excessive pain |
-al | pertaining to |
alb/o | white |
albin/o | white |
albumin/o | albumin (protein) |
alges/o | sensitivity to pain |
-algesia | sensitivity to pain |
-algia | pain |
alveol/o | alveolus; air sac; small swac |
ambly/o | dim; dull |
-amine | nitrogen compound |
amni/o | amnion |
amyl/o | starch |
an- | no; not; without |
an/o | anus |
ana- | up; apart; backward; excessive |
andr/o | male |
aneurysm/o | aneurysm |