| Term |
Definition |
| bronchogram | x-ray image of the bronchi |
| bronchography | process of x-ray imaging the bronchi |
| bronchoscope | instrument used for visual examination of the bronchi |
| bronchoscope | visual examination of the bronchi |
| endoscope | instrument used for visual examination within a hollow organ or body cavity |
| endoscopic | pertaining to visual examination of a hollow organ or body cavity |
| endoscopy | visual examination of a hollow organ or body cavity |
| laryngoscope | instrument used for visual examination of the larynx |
| laryngoscopy | visual examination of the larynx |
| thoracoscope | instrument used for visual examination of the thorax |
| thoracoscopy | visual examination of the thorax |
| oximeter | instrument used to measure oxygen percentage in the blood stream |
| spirometer | instrument used to measure breathing or lung volume |
| polysomnography(PSG) | process of recording many (tests) during sleep to diagnose obstructive sleep apnea |
| chest CT (computed tomography) scan | computerized images of the chest reproduced in sections sliced from front to back horizontally. Used to diagnose tumors, abscesses, and pleural effusion |
| chest x-ray (CXR) | an x-ray image of the chest used to evaluate the lungs and the heart |
| ventilation-perfusion scanning (VPS) | a nuclear medicine procedure used to diagnose pulmonary embolism and other condition (lung scan) |
| acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear | a test done on sputum to determine the presence of acid-fast bacilli, which causes tuberculosis |
| arterial blood gases (ABGs) | a test done on arterial blood to determine levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other gases present |
| pulmonary function test (PFTs) | a group of tests performed on breathing to determine respiratory function or abnormalities |
| pulse oximetry | a noninvasive method of measuring oxygen in the blood by using a device that attaches to the fingertip |
| PPD skin test | a test done on individuals who have recently been exposed to tuberculosis. |
| spirometry | a measurment of breathing (or lung volumes) |
| ANOXIA | Absence of oxygen. |
| 3.ANTIHISTAMINE | A drug that opposes the action of of histamine. |
| ANTROTOMY | Cutting through an antral wall. |
| ATELECTASIS | Acollapse or airless condition of the lungs. |
| BRONCHODILATOR | A drug that expands the bronchi by relaxing bronchial muscle. |
| CHEYNE-STOKES | A breathing pattern marked by a period of apnea lasting 10 to 60 sec. followed by gradually increasing depht and frequency of respirations (hyperventilation) |
| DIFFUSION | The tendency of molecules of a substance (gaseous, liquid, or solid) to move from high to lower concentration |
| EPISTAXIS | Hemorrhage from the nose; nosebleed. |
| EXPECTORANT | An agent such as guaifenesin, that promotes the clearance of mucus from the respiratory tract. |
| HYPOSTATIC PNEUMONIA | Occurs in elderly or bed-ridden patients who remain constantly in the same position. |
| ANOXIA | Absence of oxygen. |
| ANTIHISTAMINE | A drug that opposes the action of of histamine. |
| ANTROTOMY | Cutting through an antral wall. |
| ATELECTASIS | Acollapse or airless condition of the lungs. |
| BRONCHODILATOR | A drug that expands the bronchi by relaxing bronchial muscle. |
| CHEYNE-STOKES | A breathing pattern marked by a period of apnea lasting 10 to 60 sec. followed by gradually increasing depht and frequency of respirations (hyperventilation) |
| DIFFUSION | The tendency of molecules of a substance (gaseous, liquid, or solid) to move from high to lower concentration |
| EPISTAXIS | Hemorrhage from the nose; nosebleed. |
| EXPECTORANT | An agent such as guaifenesin, that promotes the clearance of mucus from the respiratory tract, by upsetting the stomach, which triggers the lungs to become wet. |
| HYPOSTATIC PNEUMONIA | Occurs in elderly or bed-ridden patients who remain constantly in the same position. |
| MEDIASTINUM | A septum or cavity between the two principal portions of an organ. Mass of organs and tissues separating the lungs. |
| ORTHOPNEA | Labored breathing that occurs when lying flat and is relieved by sitting up. This is one of the classic symptoms for left ventricular heart failure. |
| RALES | Crackle. An adventitious lung sound heard on oscultation of the chest , produced by air passing over retained airway secretions. |
| SUFFOCATION | Deprivation of air exchange that produces an intense sensation of air hunger. |
| SURFACTANT | A surface-active agent that lowers surface tension (e.g., oils and various forms of detergents). |
| TRACHEOSTOMY | The surgical opening the trachea to provide and secure an open airway. (Performed in emergency situations when there is an upper respiratory obstruction). |
