Question | Answer |
Growth | Progressive anatomic and physiologic increase in size |
Development | increase in function or the gradual process of change and differentiation; Simple to complex |
Development is affected by: | Experiences, genes, family, environment |
personality | unique combination of characteristics that results in the individual's recurrent behavior pattern |
life expectancy | the average number of years a person will probably live, around 77 years |
Infant mortality rate | refers to the number of deaths before the end of the first year of life |
neonatal | first 30 days of life |
infancy | 30 days to 1 year |
toddler | 1 to 3 years |
preschool | 3 to 5 years |
school age | 6 to 12 years |
adolescence | 13 to 19 years |
early adulthood | 20 to 40 years |
middle adulthood | 40 to 65 years |
late adulthood | 65 and older |
the ID | the unconscious self that is present at birth, seeks pleasure, survival, reduce tension, comfort. Does not change with experience |
the EGO | the reality factor (pragmatic) stand for reason and good sense. |
the SUPEREGO | learns ti delay immediate gratification for socially appropriate reaasons, moral guidance/conscience. Develops from ego. Self observation and formation of ideas |
Developmental Task: Infancy | Basic trust vs mistrust |
Developmental Task: Toddler | Autonomy vs Shame/Doubt |
Developmental Task: Preschool | Initiative vs guilt |
Developmental Task: School age | Industry vs inferiority |
Developmental Task: Adolescence | Identity vs Role confusion |
Developmental Task: Young Adult | Intimacy vs Isolation |
Developmental Task: Middle Adult | Generativity vs stagnation |
Developmental Task: Late Adult | Ego Integrity vs despair |
Psychosocial Development Theory | Erikson |
Theory of Cognitive Development | Piaget |
Sensorimotor Stage (Birth to 2 years) | Intelligence gained and developed through sense and motor activity. Knowledge of world limited. Object permanence (7 month) Cause and effect, time of day |
Preoperational Stage (2 to 7 years) | Egocentric, attributes life to inanimate objects, understand one bit of information and a time but not abstract relationships, launguage develops, pretend play, logic, rules |
Concrete Operational Stage (7 to 11 years) | 7 types of conservation: Numbers, Length, Liquid, Mass, Weight, Area, Volume. Egocentric thought diminishes, realistic understanding of world, present oriented |
Formal Operational (Adolescense to Adulthood) | Intelligence demonstated through the use of logic, symbols, abstract concepts. Early return to egocentrism, future oriented, morality |
Nuclear family | Married man and woman, with or w/o children |
Extended family | nuclear plus family members, same household |
Single parent family | divorce, seperation, death, abandonment. |
Blended Family | Stepfamily, results from remarriage, conflicting loyalty, can bea fearful of love and trust |
Social Contract Family/Cohabitation | Unmarried couple living together |
Homosexual Family | Same sex couple, children natural or adopted |
Adoptive Family | Family with adopted children |
Foster Family | Natural parents unable to care for children, temporary usually |
Infant Vital Signs | Temp, Pulse, Resp Rates above adult norms, B/P lower |
Infants can sit up unsupported and crawl usually at: | 7 months |
Infants can creep at: | 9 months |
Infants can stand and walk usually by: | 8-15 months |
Infant language development | Babbles at 3 months, 1 word used in a row for each year of age |
Breast Milk (or formula) is used exculsively for: | 4-6 months |
Infants require about how many hours of sleep? | 18 hours |
Infant play is: | solitary |
Toddler vocabulary by age 2 | 450 words |
Toddler vocabulary by age 3 | 900 words |
Primary teeth erupt at age: | 2 years |
Toddler vital signs: | Pulse 90-120, BP 80 to 100 over 64, Temp 98-99, Resp 20-30 |
Rule of thumb for serving sizes: | 1 Tablespoon for each year of age |
Toddler play is: | parallel |
Preschooler's vision | farsighted, 20/20 develops by age 5 |
Preschooler's vital signs | Pulse: 70-110, Resp 23, BP 110/60, Temp 97-99 |
Preschooler's play | Cooperative, pretend play, dramatic, imaginary friends |
School age children's primary teeth erupts around age | 6 years, 4 each year |
School age children's vital signs | Pulse 55-90, Resp 22-24, BP 110/65 |
Adolescence begins at: | Puberty; menarche in females, sperm production in males |
presbyopia | farsightedness |
presbycusis | hearing loss |
Common threats to adequate diet: | poor oral health, lack of appetite, food intolerances, constipation, psychosocial, economic, loneliness, inability to shop or prepare meals |
Factors affecting sleep: | alcohol, medications, caffeine, stress, noise, temperature |
Freud's Theory of Growth and Development | Psychoanalytical |