Question | Answer |
M0 | Myeloblast without cell differentiation |
M1 | Myeloblast with minimal differentiation, some pros present; auer rods |
M2 | Myeloblast with maturation, auer rods |
M3 | Promyelocyte, blasts and myelocytes present, auer rods common, high incidence of DIC; t( 15; 17) |
M4 | Myeloblast and Monoblast; peroxidase/Sudan Black positive, specific esterase positive, non-specific esterase positive |
M5 | Monoblast |
M6 | Erythrocytic series |
M7 | Mekakaryocyte, CD42, CD61 |
RA | Refractory anemia with <5% blasts |
RARS | Refractory anemia with sideroblasts and <5% blasts with ring sideroblasts |
RAEB | Refractory anemia with excess blasts, 5-20% blasts |
RAEBIT | Refractory anemia with excess blasts in transformation, 20-30% blasts |
Hodgkin Lymphoma | Reed sternberg cells, bi-modal incidence, predictable( step-wise) |
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma | no reed sternberg cells, No pattern, unpredicatable spreading |
ALL-L1 | small lymphoblasts |
ALL-L2 | large and small lymphoblasts |
ALL-L3 | large lymphoblasts with vacuoles, Burkitt lymphoma |
CLL | mature lymphocytes, smudge cells |
Gaucher's Disease | Glucocerebroside accumulation |
Niemann-Pick | Sphingomyelin accumulation; sea-blue histiocytes |
Tay-Sachs | Sphingolipids, GM2 Ganglioside accumulation |
Hurler, Hunter | Mucopolysaccharie accumulation |
CGD | X-linked, ineffective killing of bacteria |
Alder-Reilly | Large azurophilic granules, increased mucopolysaccharides (Hurler,Hunter) |
Chediak-Higashi | large lysosomes, fusion of primary granules, seen in Albinism |
May-Hegglin | large platelets, decreased # of platelets, Dohle bodies in segs, monos and lymphs |
Pelger-Huet | Hyposegmented polys |
Hgb A | 2 alpha, 2 beta; 10-40% in newborn, 97% in adult |
Hgb A2 | 2 alpha, 2 delta; <2% in newborn, 2% in adult |
Hgb F | 2 alpha, 2 gamma; 60-90% in newborns, 1% in adult |
Howell-Jolly Body | DNA, wright stain, indicates HA, megaloblastic anemia, post-splenectomy |
Basophilic stippling | RNA, wright and new-methylene blue stain, seen in thalassmeia and lead poisoning |
Pappenheimer bodies | Siderotic granules, Iron, Wright and Prussian blue, seen in sideroblastic anemia, hemogolobinopathies |
Heinz Bodies | Denatured precipitated hemoglobin, supravital stain, G6PD deficiency, thalassemia |
Cabot rings | remnants of mitotic spindle, wright stain, megaloblastic anemia |
pH 8.6 electrophoresis | A2, S, F, A
(A2, C, E, Oarab, Charlem)
(S, D, G, L) |
pH 6.2 electrophoresis | F, A, Origin, S, C |
% retics | # retics in 1000 rbc's/ 10 |
Absolute Retic | # RBCs x % retics |
CRC | % retics x patients Hct/ 45 |
RPI | CRC/ mat time(usually 2)
>2= adequate BM response |
Beta Thalassemia Minor | microcytic, hypochromic; >90% A, 3.5-7% A2, F may be slightly increased |
Beta Thalassemia Major | microcytic, hypochromic; little or no A, up to 98% F |
Sickle Cell Anemia (SS) | >80% S, 1-20% F, 2-4.5% A2, no A |
Sickle Cell Trait (AS) | 50-65% A, 35-45% S, normal F, normal to slightly increased A2 |