Question | Answer |
Atheroma | collection of plaque that protrude into the lumen (opening) of an artery, weakening the muscle lining. |
Atherosclerosis | deposits of yellow plaque containing cholesterol and lipids are found within the lining of the artery. |
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy | an increase in heart muscle weight, especially along the septum, which causes narrowing of the aortic valve. |
Bradycardia | slower than 60 beats per minute. |
Tachycardia | faster than 100 beats per minute. |
Cyanosis | bluish discoloration of the skin indicates diminished oxygen content of the blood. |
Myxoma | a benign tumor derived from connective tissue, with cells embedded in soft mucoid stromal tissue. Occur most frequently in the left atrium. |
Hypoxia | inadequate oxygen at the cellular level. |
Arrhythmias | abnormal heart rhythms |
Atrioventricular block | failure of proper conduction of impulses through the AV node to the atrioventricular bundle. |
Flutter | rapid, but regular contractions of atria or ventricles. |
Fibrillation | rapid, random, ineffectual, and irregular contractions of the heart. |
Congenital heart disease | abnormalities in the heart at birth. |
Coarctation of the aorta | narrowing of the aorta. |
Patent ductus arteriosus | small duct between the aorta and the pulmonary artery, which normally closes soon after birth, remains open. |
Septal defects | small holes in the septa between the atria or the ventricles. |
Congestive heart failure | the heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood. |
Pulmonary edema | fluid seeps out of capillaries into the tiny air sacs of the lungs. |
Coronary artery disease | disease of the arteries surrounding the heart. |
Hypertensive heart disease | high blood pressure affecting the heart. |
Murmur | an extra heart sound, heard between normal beats. |
Pericarditis | inflammation of the membrane surrounding the heart. |
Aneurysm | local widening of an arterial wall. |
Peripheral vascular disease | blockage of blood vessels outside the heart. |
Varicose veins | abnormally swollen and twisted veins, usually occurring in the legs. |