Question | Answer |
Changes constantly occur within the body, and yet a steady state called______is generally maintained. | homeostasis |
____can be defined as a state of functional disequilibrium, a change in function or structure that is considered to be abnormal. | Disease |
An____disease has a sudden onset and a short term. | acute |
____are objective evidence of disease observed on physical examination. | Signs |
____are subjective indications of disease reported by the patient. | Symptoms |
____, the determination of the nature of a disease, is based on many factors | Diagnosis |
Diseases that will end in death are called____ | terminal |
____is a measure of the disability and extent of illness caused by a disease. | Morbidity |
If the cause of a disease is not known, it is said to be____. | idiopathic |
The physician, having made a diagnosis, may state the____of the disease, or the predicted course oand outcome of the disease. | prognosis |
Pain is a sign. | False it is a symptom |
Physiology is the study of disease. | False pathology is the study |
The common cold is an examply of a chronic disease. | False it is an acute disease |
Leukemia may go into remission. | True |
Complications can aarise from inactivity. | True |
Anemia is an example of a sequela. | False it is a complication |
Paralysis of polio is an example of a complication. | False it is a sequela |
Cancer is the leading cause of death in the US. | False heart disease is |
Infertility can relapse. | False |
Diabetes is a chronic disease. | True |
What is a Relapse? | Disease returns weeks or monts after its apparent cessation |
What is a Biopsy? | Surgical removal and analysis of tissue samples |
What is Etiology? | Cause of disease |
What is a Sequela? | The aftermath of a particular disease |
What is Pathogenesis? | The source or cause of a disease, together with its development |
What is a Syndrome? | Certain sets of signs and symptoms occur concurrently in some diseases |
What are Complications? | Diseases that develop in a person already suffering from a disease |
What is a Remission? | The signs and symptoms of achronic disease at times subside |
What is Mortality? | Measure of the number of deaths attributed to a disease in a given population over a given period of time |
What is Chronic? | A disease may begin insidiously and be long-lived |
Bacteria that cause pus formation are called____bacteria. | Supparative |
Cross-matching for a blood transfusion must match blood type and____. | rH factor |
A____consists of a low dose of dead ro deactivated bacteria or viruses. | vaccine |
Stress causes and increased production of the hormone____. | cortisol |
____cells are a type of leukocyte that recognize body cells with abnormal membranes. | Natural killer |
The causative agents that initiate an allergy response are called____. | allergens |
The causative agend of AIDS is the___. | HIV (Human munodifiency virus) |
The damaged tissue releases a substance called____. | histamine |
In____, the person is given a vaccine or a toxoid as the antigen, and he or she forms antibodies to counteract it. | active immunity |
____defense mechanisms are effective against any foreign agen that enter the body and are referred to as innate immunity. | Nonspecific |
HIV can be transmitted through saliva. | False only through contaminated body fluid (blood, semen, breastmilk, vaginal secretions) |
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a contagious inflammatory disease. | False it is noncontagious |
The cause of chronic fatigue syndrome is known. | False it is unknown |
Fever is the body's first line of defense. | False immunis system is |
HIV is a retrovirus. | True |
T cells form antibodies. | False plasma cells do |
Specific defense mechanisms are effective agains particular identified foreign agents and are referred to as acquired immunity. | True |
Type I hypersensitivities are labled cytotoxic or cytolytic, and involve IgM or IgG interacting with foreign cells to cause their destruction. | False Type II |
The excessive production of white cells is called leukocytosis. | True |
Fever is not something that should always be eliminated, but should be monitored closely. | True |
The cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation | Redness, swelling, heat, and pain |
Scleroderma | Chronic, progressive autoimmune disorder of the skin |
Phagocytosis | cellular eating |
IgM | protects newborns |
Chronic fatigue syndrome | peculiar disease that affects primarily young professionals in the prime of life |
Immunity | The ability of the body to defend itself against infections agents, foreign cells, and even abnormal body cells |
Antigen | The foreign element that triggers the immune response |
Interferon | A group of substances that stimulates the immune system |
IgE | involved in allergy |
Chemotaxis | the attraction of the white blood cells to the site of inflammation |
Those diseases transmitted from human to human are said to be____or____. | Contagious, communicable |
Bacteria have____, a rigid layer of organic material surrounding their dlicate cell membranes. | cell walls |
During the____thick-walled cells turn purple and thin-walled cells become red, and thus bacteria can be identified using this technique. | gram stain |
____contain the genetic material of bacteria packaged in a tough outer coat that is resistant to desication, acid, extreme temperature, and even radiation | Endospores |
Fungi have filaments called____specialized for absorption of nutrients. | mycelia |
An animal that transmits pathogenic microorganisms to human is a____. | vector |
____is the study of the transmission, occurrence, distribution, and control of disease. | Epidemiology |
The number of new cases of a disease in a population is its____. | prevalence |
When a disease always occurs at low levels in a population, it is said to be____. | endemic |
When a disease suddenly occurs in unexpected numbers in a limited area and then subsides, this is described as an____. | outbreak |
Infections diseases are those diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms. | True |
Infectious diseases are classified as communicable if not transmitted directly by humans. | False |
Endotoxin is released into tissues when gram-negative cells die | True |
Viruses are considered living organisms. | False |
Healthy human tissue is relatively resistant to fungal infections. | True |
Influenza uses vertical transmission | False |
If a disease occurs in unusually large numbers over a specific area, it is said to be epidmeic. | True |
Pandemics are under constant surveillance in the US. | False |
Viral infections can be treated with a variety of antibiotics. | False |
Correct use of antibiotics can prevent the development of antibiotic resistance | True |
Pathogens | Microorganisms that cause disease |
Helminths | The wormlike animals that include roundworms and flatworms |
Bacteria | Microscopic single-celled organisms |
Protozoa | single-celled eukaryotic microorganisms |
Reservoir | act as sources of the pathogen and potential sources of diseases |
Binary fission | Bacterial reproduction by splitting in half |
Virus | Infectious particles made of a core of genetic material (either RNA or DNA) wrapped in a protein coat |
Horizontal transmission | Infectious diseases can be transmitted directly form an infected human to a susceptible human |
Endotoxin | A particularly potent toxin that causes life-threatening shock |
Latent infection | viruses insert themselves in cells and do not reproduce |