Question | Answer |
Substitution reactions and elimination reaction both deal with: | Alkyl halides --> RX (F, Br, Cl, I) |
What halogen is electronegative? | Chlorine |
Halogens don't like sharing ___. | Electrons |
Halogens want to do what with electrons? | Steal them away and break themselves away. |
Substitution reactions are similar to what kinds of reactions? | Acid-base reactions |
Nucleophile (def.) | Likes positive particles |
Sub. Rxn - What does "RX" represent? | Substrate |
Sub. Rxn - What does "Nu: ¯" represent? | Nucleophile |
Sub. Rxn - What does "X: ¯" | Leaving Group |
Substrate of Sn1 | 3º or 2º (requires formation of a relatively stable carbocation) |
Substrate of Sn2 | Methyl > 1º > 2º (requires unhindered substrate) |
Nucleophile of Sn1 | Weak Lewis base, neutral molecule, nucleophile may be the solvent (solvolysis) |
Nucleopphile of Sn2 | Strong Lewis base, rate favored by high concentration of nucleophile |
Solvent in Sn1 | Polar protic (e.g., alcohols, water) |
Solvent in Sn2 | Polar aprotic (e.g., DMF, DMSO) |
Leaving group in both Sn1 and Sn2 | I > Br > Cl > F (the weaker the base after the group departs, the better the leaving group |
Carbocation (def.) | Positively charged organic compound |
Most stable substrate: | 3º |
Least stable substrate: | Methyl |
What are the only type of hydrocarbons involved in Sn1 and Sn2 reactions? | Alkyl Halides |
The strongest base will be the _______ leaving group. | Worst |
The weakest base will be the ________ leaving group. | Best |