Question | Answer |
Pemirolast | Alamast,Alegysal
Mast cell stabilizers |
Nedocromil | Alocril
Mast cell stabilizers |
Lodoxamide thromethamide | Alomide 0.1%
Mast cell stabilizers |
Cromolyn sodium 4% | Crolom, Opticrom
Mast cell stabilizers |
Mast cell stabilizers-indications? | Indications: Vernal,seasonal,atopic kerato/conjunctivitis |
Antazoline phosphate | Vasocon-A H1 antihistamines - first generation |
Pheniramine maleate plus naphazoline HCL (adrenergic agonist) | Naphcon-A H1 antihistamines - first generation |
H1 antihistamines - first generation | Side effects: -ocular discomfort on instillation |
Levocabastine | Livostin 0.05% H1 antihistamines - first generation |
H1 antihistamines - second generation | Indications: Allergic conjunctivitis |
Olopatadine | (Patanol 0.1%) |
Ketotifen fumarate | (Zaditor 0.025%) |
H2 receptors-tissues | Gastric parietal cells,Heart Blood vessels,Eyeblood vessels |
H1 receptors-tissues | Bronchial smoothmusc., Heart,CNS,eye |
? Antagonist=Diphenhydramine | H1 blocker(not eye drop) |
? Antagonist=Loratidine | H1 blocker(not eye drop) |
?Antagonist=Cimetidine | H2 blocker(not eye drop) |
?Antagonist=Ranitidine | H2 blocker(not eye drop) |
Which of the following ophthalmic drugs is an H-1
receptor antagonist only and is used for allergic
conjunctivitis?
A. Levocabastine
B. Ketotifen
C. Ketorolac
D. Cromolyn sodium | |
Which of the following ophthalmic drugs is an H-1
receptor antagonist only and is used for allergic
conjunctivitis?
A. Levocabastine
B. Ketotifen
C. Ketorolac
D. Cromolyn sodium | A. Levocabastine (Livostin)
Levocabastine (Livostin) is an H-1 antagonist
Ketotifen (Zaditor) is a mast cell stabilizer AND H-1 receptor antagonist
Ketorolac (Acular) is an NSAID
Cromolyn sodium (Crolom, Opticrom) is a mast cell stabilizer |
What percentage of patients that have sensitivity to penicillin will have cross-reactivity to cephalosporins? | About 10% of patients with penicillin allergy will cross-react, making the use of cephalosporins
potentially dangerous
Allergic reactions include: Itching, rash, hives, and anaphylactic reaction that can be fatal |
Echothiophate | Cholinergic agonist |
Unoprostone isopropyl | Rescula -Prostaglandin -glaucoma |
Brinzolamide | Azopt |
Carteolol | (Ocupress) |
Non-selective Timolol | (Timoptic, Betimol) |
Levobunolol | (Betagan)Non-selective |
Metipranolol | (Optipranolol)Non-selective |
Betaxolol | (Betoptic)β1-selective |
β-adrenergic antagonists MOA | decreased aqueous
production (β2-adrenoceptor at the
ciliary body) |
Which of the following beta-blockers would be the most
effective for someone with mild bronchoconstrictive
disease?
A. Timolol
B. Betaxolol
C. Metipranolol
D. Levobunolol | Betaxolol is B1-selective, a better choice in cases
with pulmonary disorders
Timolol, metipranolol, and levobunolol are Badrenergic
receptor antagonists that are B1/B2-
nonselective |
Which of the following is not a typical
side effect of topical beta-adrenergic
antagonists?
A. Dry eye
B. Corneal anesthesia
C. Alopecia
D. Tachycardia | D. TACHYCARDIA
Topical beta blockers SE:
Ocular: Corneal anesthesia, ptosis, hypotony,
burning, superficial punctate keratitis, dry eye Systemic: Fatigue, psychosis, BRADYCARDIA,syncope, alopecia, nausea, impotence, altered response to hypoglycemia, a |
Direct acting cholinergic agonists-name 2
Indirect-acting (irreversible) cholinergic agonists- name 1= inhibition of cholinesterase | Pilocarpine
Carbachol
Echothiophate |
All of the following effects are seen when a directacting
cholinergic agonist is used except:
A. Miosis
B. Increase in zonular tension
C. Increased outflow facility
D. Traction on peripheral retina | B. Increase in zonular tension
Direct-acting cholinergics include: Pilocarpine,acetylcholine, and carbachol
Direct-acting cholinergics cause: Contraction of the
iris sphincter, contraction of the circular fibres of the ciliary muscle with RELAXATION of |
Glaucoma-Adrenergic α-2 agonists moa | Mechanism: α2 stimulation at the ciliary
body inhibits norepinephrine release,
leading to decrease aqueous production |
Glaucoma-Adrenergic α-2 agonists side effects and RxRx | Side effects: conjunctival blanching,
eyelid retraction, mydriasis, allergy, dry
mouth, headache, potentiate MAO
inhibitors |
Apraclonidine | Iopidine -Glaucoma-Adrenergic α-2 agonists |
Brimonidine | (Alphagan)-Glaucoma-Adrenergic α-2 agonists |
All of the following side effects may be seen when
using apraclonidine except:
A. Dry mouth
B. Lid drooping
C. Conjunctival blanching
D. Lethargy | B. Lid drooping
Apraclonidine is an A2-adrenergic agonist
Side effects of Apraclonidine include: LID
RETRACTION, dry mouth, lethargy, conjunctival
blanching, and local allergy |
All of the following effects may be seen with the
use of dorzolamide except:
A. Metallic taste
B. Tingling in the hands and feet
C. Skin rash
D. Optic neuritis | D. OPTIC NEURITIS
Side effects of Dorzolamide include:
Numbness in the hands, feet, or lips, a metallic
taste to carbonated beverages, malaise,
anorexia, weight loss, nausea, somnolence,
depression, & local skin allergy |