| Question |
Answer |
| alimentary canal | the digestive tract as a whole |
| bolus | a small, rounded mass of masticated food to be swallowed |
| cholecystectomy | the surgical removal of the gallbladder |
| chyme | partially digested food mixture leaving the stomach |
| deglutition | swallowing |
| dental caries | decay of teeth |
| diarrhea | defecation of liquid feces |
| digestion | the breakdown of food materials either mechanically or chemically |
| duodenal papilla | ducts located in the middle third of the duodenum that empty pancreatic digestive juices and bile from the liver into the small intestine; there are two ducts, the major duodenal papillae and the minor papillae |
| duodenum | the first subdivision of the small intestine where most chemical digestion occurs |
| emulsify | in digestion, when bile breaks up fat |
| feces | waste material discharged from the intestines |
| fractal geometry | the study of surfaces with a seemingly infinite area, such as the lining of the small intestine |
| frenulum | the thin membrane that attaches the tongue to the floor of the mouth |
| gastroesophageal reflux disease | also known as GERD, a set of symptoms resulting from a hiatal hernia that allows stomach contents to flow back into the esophagus; symptoms include heartburn or chest pain and coughing or choking during or just after a meal |
| gastroesophageal sphincter | a ring of smooth muscle around the opening of the stomach at the lower end of the esophagus that acts as a valve to allow food to enter the stomach but prevents stomach contents from moving back into the esophagus |
| greater omentum | a pouchlike extension of the visceral peritoneum |
| hiatal hernia | a bulging out of the stomach through the opening of the diaphragm where the esophagus normally passes; this condition may prevent the valve between the esophagus and stomach from closing, thus allowing stomach contents to flow back into the esophagus |
| ileum | the distal portion of the small intestine |
| jaundice | abnormal yellowing of skin, mucous membranes, and white of eyes |
| jejunum | the middle third of the small intestine |
| lumen | the hollow space within a tube |
| malocclusion | abnormal contact between the teeth of the upper jaw and lower jaw |
| mastication | chewing |
| mesentery | a large double fold of peritoneal tissue that anchors the loops of the digestive tract to the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity |
| peristalsis | wavelike, rhythmic contractions of the stomach and intestines that move food material along the digestive tract |
| peritoneal space | small, fluid-filled space between the visceral and parietal layers that allows the layers to slide over each other freely in the abdominopelvic cavity |
| plica | multiple circular folds |
| pyloric sphincter | sphincter that prevents food from leaving the stomach and entering duodenum |
| rugae | wrinkles and folds |
| ulcer | a necrotic open sore or lesion |
| uvula | cone-shaped process hanging down from the soft palate that helps prevent food and liquid from entering the nasal cavities |
| villus | fingerlike folds covering the plicae of the small intestines |
Buen Viaje lv.2 ch 8
