| Question |
Answer |
| alkaline | any substance that contributes to an excess of OH- ions |
| amino acid | chemical units from which protein molecules are built |
| aqueous solution | liquid mixture in which water is the solvent |
| atherosclerosis | hardening of the arteries |
| atom | smallest particle of a pure substance |
| atomic mass | combined total number of protons and neutrons in an atom |
| atomic number | total number of protons in an atom's nucleus |
| base | a chemical that reduces the relative concentration of H+ ions in the whole solution |
| biochemistry | scientific field that studies the chemical properties and processes of living organisms |
| carbohydrate | organic compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in certain specific proportions |
| cholesterol | steroid lipid found in all body cell membranes and in animal fat present in food |
| compound | substance whose molecules have more than one kind of element in them |
| covalent bond | chemical bond formed when atoms share electrons share electrons by overlapping their energy levels |
| dehydration synthesis | chemical reaction in which large molecules are formed by removing water from smaller molecules and joining them together |
| dissociate | when a compound breaks apart in solution |
| double helix | shape of DNA molecules |
| electrolyte | substance that ionizes in solution, rendering the solution capable of conducting an electric current |
| electron | negatively charged particle orbiting the nucleus of an atom |
| element | pure substance, composed of only one type of atom |
| energy level | limited region surrounding the nucleus of an atom at a certain distance containing electrons |
| enzyme | a functional protein acting as a biochemical catalyst allowing chemical reactions to take place in a suitable timeframe |
| glycogen | polysaccharide made up of a chain of glucose |
| hydrolysis | chemical reaction in which water is added to a large molecule causing it to break apart into smaller molecules |
| inorganic compound | compound whose molecules do not contain carbon-carbon or carbon-hydrogen bonds |
| ionic bond | chemical bond formed by the positive-negative attractions between two ions |
| isotope | two atoms that have the same atomic number but different atomic masses |
| lipid | organic molecule usually compound of glycerol and fatty acids |
| lock-and-key model | analogy of how hormones fit into enzymes |
| matter | any substance that occupies space and has a mass |
| molecule | particle of matter composed of one or more smaller units |
| neutron | electrically neutral particle within the nucleus of an atom |
| nucleic acid | the two nucleic acids are DNA and RNA, made up of nucleotides |
| nucleotide | small units that form strands of nucleic acid |
| nucleus | center control structure in the middle of the cell |
| orbital | limits within which electrons move |
| organic compound | compound whose large molecules contain carbon and that include C-C bonds |
| peptide bond | covalent bond linking amino acids within a protein molecule |
| pH | expression of relative H+ concentration |
| phospholipid | fat molecule found in cell membranes |
| product | any substance formed as a result of a chemical reaction |
| protein | one of the basic nutrients need by the body |
| proton | positively charged particle within the nucleus of an atom |
| radioactive isotope | an isotope that emitts radiation |
| reactant | any substance entering a chemical reaction |
| solute | substance that dissolves into another substance |
| solvent | substance in which other substances are dissolved |
| triglyceride | lipid that is synthesized from fatty acids and glycerol or from excess glucose or amino acids |
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