| Question |
Answer |
| Civil War | a war fought between people of the same country |
| slavery | people working for other people without pay |
| industrialist | people who start new industries |
| steel | a strong metal product made by blasting cold air through melted iron |
| aluminium | light weight metal products made from bauxite ore |
| oil refining | processes in which oil is made into other products such as fuel |
| air brakes | allowed one man to stop an entire train |
| unions | a group of people who gather to improve their pay and working conditions |
| strike | when workers who belong to a union agree to stop working |
| disaster | when something happens that causes great destruction and distress |
| Who fought in the American Civil War | The Northern States and the Southern States |
| What were the Northern States fighting for? | Freedom of all people |
| What were the Southern States fighting for? | The right to keep slaves |
| Who was the only elected president from Pennsylvania? | James Buchanan |
| Name 3 northern states | PA, NY, NJ, CT, MI, MA |
| Name 3 Southern states | FL, GA, VA, NC, SC, |
| Who helped free the slaves? | Lucretia Mott, Harriet Tubman |
| What PA resources were needed during the Civil War? | railroads and farming |
| what is the nickname of the Battle of Gettysburg? | The Bloodiest Battle |
| How many days did the Battle of Gettysburg last? | 3 days in July 1863 |
| Who won the Battle of Gettysburg? | The North - it was the turning point of the war |
| What speech did President Lincoln give at Gettysburg? | The Gettysburg Address |
| What was the Underground Railroad? | a network of houses, families, hiding places, escape roads who helped slaves escape to northern states or Canada |
| When did the Industrial Revolution begin in PA | the time of the American Civil War |
| What was the Industrial Revolution in PA called | The Age of Big Business |
| Which PA city was the steel producing capital of the world? | Pittsburgh |
| William Kelly and Henry Bessemer are credited with inventing what process? | turning iron to steel |
| How did Andrew Carnegie make his fortune? | He built steel factories |
| How did Henry Clay Frick become a business partner of Carnegie? | He owned coke factories. Coke fueled the steel mills |
| What is coke | a cheap fuel made from soft coal |
| Who was the King of Oil? | John D. Rockefeller |
| Charles Hall invented a newer cheaper way to make what metal product | aluminum |
| What did George Westinghouse invent to make trains safer? | air brakes |
| During the Age of Big Business which industries were based in Pittsburgh | Steel, Coke, Aluminum, Glass, oil refining |
| Name 3 problems with working conditions | dirty, dangerous, low pay, long shifts, 7 days per week, high food prices |
| From where did immigrants come to PA? | Europe and African Americans from our southern states |
| Heinz | canned and jarred food - Pittsburgh |
| Woolworth | 5 & dime stores |
| Wanamaker | Department stores |
| Green | ice cream soda |
| Clara Barton | founder of Red Cross |
| Rockefeller | oil refining |
| Carnegie | Steel production |
| Frick | Coke factories |
| Hall | Aluminum |
| Westinghouse | Air brakes and safety lights for trains |
| Kelly and Bessemer | process of making steel |
Biology Lab Midterm
