Question | Answer |
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: genetics, prevalence, dx test, exam | auto dom, most common sudden death <35 yo; dx via echo: asymmetric septal hypertrophy & LV outflow obstruction; squatting increases venous return & decreases murmur; standing increases venous pooling & murmur; SEM at LSB |
benign flow murmurs ___ with valsalva | diminish or do not change (HOCM increases) |
CAD risk factors | FH, male, hyperlipid, DM, HTN, inactivity, obese, smoking |
thrombophlebitis mgmt | Local heat & elevation, bed rest, NSAID, ASA, avoid long standing; assoc w/ DVT in 20% |
A-fib mgmt | hemo unstable: cardiovert; stable: consider rate ctrl (BB/CCB), anticoag, poss cardiovert |
Venous thrombosis: 80% occur in: | deep v. of calf |
Syncope: types | vasopressor; orthostatic hypotension; cardiogenic |
A fib dx work up | 12 ECG, echo, CXR, thyroid; poss Holter or stress test |
Atypical CP, palps, anx d/o, sympathetic hyperreactivity; mild systolic click +/- MR; young F>M | MV prolapse |
MV prolapse mgmt | Echo to dx; reassurance; BB for palps; ASA for TIA / CVA risk; surgery for severe MR |
varicose veins most common in: | saphenous veins |
Inflammation, induration, erythema & tenderness along superficial v (usu long saphenous v) | phlebitis |
DVT mgmt: | Heparin/Warfarin, Thrombolytic tx, Embolectomy, IVC filter if anticoags are CI |
DVT RFs: | Virchow’s triad; PG, ca, Limb trauma, Surgery |
syncope: dx tests | ECG; autonomic: tilt table, carotid massage; electrophysio; stress test |