Question | Answer |
Describe the nasal cavity | Chamber lined with mucous membranes and tiny cilia |
What are olfactory neurons? | Receptors for the sense of smell |
What happens to CO2 as it enters pulmonary capillaries? | It diffuses from the blood within the pulmonary capillaries and enters alveolar spaces |
What happens to the diaphragm when we breathe? | 1)Contracts during inspiration
2)Relaxes during expiration |
What is external respiration | Exchange of O2 and CO2 between the alveoli and the blood in pulmonary capillaries |
What is internal respiration | Exchange of O2 and CO2 between body cells and the blood in systemic capillaries |
What is pulmonary ventilation | breathing |
Describe the transport of respiratory gases | When blood transports CO2 to the lungs and O2 to body cells |
What is the respiratory System responsible for | Exchange of O2 and CO2 |
What are exudates | Fluid that is usually high in protein and often contains blood and immune cells |
What are transudates | Non-inflammatory fluid that resembles serum but with slightly less protein |
What are the causes of asthma | Allergens
Irritants
Stress
Cold
exercise |
What are the three major disorders included in COPD? | Asthma
Chronic bronchitis
Emphysema |
What is emphysema | Characterized by decreased elasticity of the alveoli |
cystic fibrosis | a hereditary disease of the exocrine glands affecting the respiratory system, pancreas, and sweat glands |
rhonchus | abnormal braeth sound heard on auscultation |
crackle | abnormal respiratory sound heard on auscultation; also called rale |
anosmia | absence of the sense of smell |
pertussis | acute infectious disease characterized by a cough and a "whoop" |
tuberculosis | an infectious disease caused by inhaling viable tubercle bacilli; aka acid-fast bacillus |
pneumonia | an inflammatory disease of the lungs caused by bacteria, viruses, disease, chemicals, ect |
antihistamine | block histamines from binding with histamine receptor sites in tissue |
atelectasis | collapsed or airless state of the lung, may be acute or chronic |
palatine tonsils | collection of lymphatic tissue within the oropharynx |
asphyxia | condition caused by insufficient intake of oxygen |
pneumoconiosis | disease caused by inhaling dust particles |
compliance | ease with which lung tissue can be stretched |
Pleural effusion | excess of fluid in the pleural cavity |
pneumectomy | excision of a lung |
viscous | extremely thick |
stridor | high-pitched, harsh, adventitious breath sound |
thoracic (chest) x-ray | images of the chest taken from AP, PA and lateral views |
pleurisy | inflammation of the pleural membrane |
mantoux test | intradermal test to determine tuberculin sensitivity |
sweat test | measurement of the amount of salt in sweat used to diagnose CF |
spirometry | measurement of ventilator ability by assessing lung capacity and flow |
oximetry | method of monitoring the percent of Hb saturated with O2 |
diffuse | moving or spreading out of a substance at random |
pulmonary function test | multiple tests used to evaluate the ability of the lungs to take in and expel air |
epistaxis | nosebleed |
lung scan | nuclear scanning test primarily used to detect pulmonary emboli |
postural drainage | positioning a patient so that gravity aids in the drainage of secretions from the bronchi and lobes of the lungs |
antitussive | relieve or suppress coughing |
bronchospasms | spasms in the bronchial passage |
bronchodilators | stimulate bronchial muscles to relax and expand air passages |
thoracentesis | surgical puncture and drainage of the pleural cavity |
carbon dioxide | tasteless, colorless, odourless gas produced by body cells during the metabolic process |
oxygen | tasteless, odourless, colorless gas essential for human respiration |
apnea | temporary loss of breathing |
arterial blood gases | test that measures PO2, PCO2,pH and bicarbonate level of an arterial blood sample |
throat culture | test used to identify pathogens,especially group A streptococci |
visceral pleura | the innermost layer lying next to the lung |
parietal pleura | the outermost layer, lining the lung |
percussion | the process of gently tapping with the fingers to determine position, size or consistency of an underlying structure |
auscultation | the process of listening to body sounds, especially in the chest, with the use of a stethoscope |
oxygenation | the process of providing the body with adequate amounts of oxygen |
pharynx | throat |
alive | viable |
laryngoscopy | visual examination of the larynx |
mediastinoscopy | visual examination of the mediastinal structures |
larynx | voicebox |
wheeze | whistling or sighing sound heard on auscultation |
trachea | windpipe |
ABG | arterial blood gases |
AFB | acid-fast bacillus |
AP | anteroposterior |
ARDS | acute respiratory distress syndrome |
CO2 | carbon dioxide |
COPD | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
CPR | cardiopulmonary resuscitation |
CT | computed tomography |
DPI | dry powder inhaler |
DPT | diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus |
FVC | forced vital capacity |
Hb | hemoglobin |
HMD | hyaline membrane disease |
Hx | history |
IRDS | infant respiratory distress syndrome |
MDI | metered-dose inhaler |
NMT | nebulized mist treatment |
O2 | oxygen |
PFT | pulmonary function test |
PND | paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea |
RDS | respiratory distress syndrome |
SIDS | sudden infant death syndrome |
SOB | shortness of breath |
T&A | tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy |
TB | tuberculosis |
TPR | temperature, pulse, respiration |
URI | upper respiratory infection |
VC | vital capacity |