Term | Definition |
sample space | all possible outcomes or results
ex. tossing a coin: P(h) = 50% P(t) = 50%
sample space = {head, tail} |
outcome | the result of a single trial of an experiment |
event | a group of outcomes -
- roll an even number on a die (outcomes 2,4,6) |
probability | a measurement of how likely an event is-
the number of ways it can happen/total outcomes |
complement | all outcomes in an event that did not occur |
independent event | an event not affected by a previous event- flipping a coin |
dependent events conditional probability | an event affected by a previous event - pulling different color socks from a drawer, the probability changes unless you return the one you pulled out |
mutually exclusive | events that can not happen together - a coin flip can not result in heads and tails |
experiment | has an unknown outcome |
tree diagram | looks like a factor tree, used to calculate the probability of both independent and dependent events |
tree diagram continued! | tree diagrams for dependent events are like a dichotomous key for classification |
ratio | shows relative size of two numbers
- can be part to whole (like a fraction) or part to part
- can be written in various forms 1:3. 1/3, 1 to 3 |
proportion | a statement that says two ratios (or fractions) are equal
- 2:3 = 8:12 |
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research the answer | Combination |
research the answer | Permutation |
random | lack of pattern or predictability |
prediction / forecast | expected outcome |
odds | the ratio between the number of favorable outcomes to the number of unfavorable outcomes |
likely, certain, unlikely, impossible | casual language indicating odds |
sample (random) | A selection taken from a larger group so that you can examine it to find out something about the larger group- all items in the group have an equal chance of being selected |
trend | a general tendency if there is a pattern |
reliable | consistent results |
"Nothing is certain except death and taxes." | Mark Twain |