Term | Definition |
What are rugae? | - Folds in the stomach
- Secrete hydrochloric acid and enzymes |
What are the accessory organs of the GI system? | Liver Pancreas Gallbladder |
What are the four divisions of the colon? | Ascending colon Transverse colon Descending colon Sigmoid colon |
What are the functions of the liver? | Produce bile Remove glucose from blood Store vitamins B12, A, D, E, AND K Destroy or transform toxic products Maintain glucose levels Destroy old RBCs Synthesize proteins that circulate in the blood |
What are the three main components of the large intestine? | Cecum Colon Rectum |
What are the three main parts of the stomach? | Body Fundus Pylorus |
What are the two structures that form the roof of the mouth? | Hard palate Soft palate |
What is the medical term for mouth? | Oral cavity |
What is another name for the GI tract? | Alimentary canal |
What are villi? | Microscopic, finger-like projections |
Where does peristalsis occur? | From the pharynx to the anus |
Where is digestion completed? | Small intestines |
What is a volvulus | A life-threatening obstruction in which the bowel twists on itself |
What are hemorrhoids? | Enlarged veins in the mucous membrane of the anal canal |
What causes hepatitis A? | Ingestion of contaminated food, water or milk |
What is diverticulosis? | Small, blister-like pockets develop in the inner lining of the large intestine |
What is ulcerative colitis? | Chronic inflammatory disease of the large intestine and rectum |
Where are ulcers commonly found? | Stomach Duodenum |
Where do inguinal hernias develop? | In the groin where the abdominal folds of flesh meet the thighs |
Which large intestine disorder is associated with a higher risk of colon cancer? | Ulcerative colitis |
Ulcer | A lesion of the skin or mucous membrane which frequently
develops in the duodenum or stomach |
Occult blood | A test in which stool samples are collected to determine
gastrointestinal bleeding |
Ascites | Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen |
Hernia | Abnormal protrusion or an organ or tissue through the
structures that normally contain it |
Deglutition | Act of swallowing |
Gallbladder | An organ below the liver which stores and empties bile
through its ducts into the small intestine |
Pancreas | An organ which uses ducts to provide exocrine secretions
to the duodenum to aid in digestion |
Regurgitation | Backward flowing, as in the return of solids or fluids to the
mouth form the stomach |
Mastication | Chewing |
Fecalith | Fecal Concretion |
Cecum | First 2-3” of the large intestine |
Ascending colon | First portion of the colon, extending from the lower border the liver |
Cholelithiasis | Formation of gallstones |
Flatus | Gas in the GO tract |
Ulcerative colitis | Inflammation and ulceration of the innermost lining of the
colon |
diverticulitis | Inflammation of a sac-like bulge that may develop in the
wall of the large intestine |
Stomatitis | Inflammation of the mouth of the stomach |
Anorexia | Lack or loss of appétit, resulting in the inability to eat |
Rectum | Last portion of the GI tract |
Ileum | Lower division of the small intestine |
Serum bilirubin | Measurement of the level of bilirubin in the blood |
Halitosis | Offensive, or “bad” breath |
Proctologist | One who specializes in diseases of the colon, rectum, and
anus |
Melena | Passage of dark-coloured, tarry stools, due to the
presence of blood altered by intestinal juices |
Steatorrhea | Passage of fat in large amounts in the feces |
Celiac | Pertaining to the abdomen |
Buccal | Pertaining to the cheek |
Lithotripsy | Procedure for crushing a stone |
Eructation | Producing gas from the stomach |
Peristalsis | Progressive, wavelike movement |
Upper GI series | Radiographic examination of the esophagus, stomach, and
small intestine |
Lower GI series | Radiographic examination of the rectum and colon |
Cholecystogram/graphy | Radiographic record of the gallbladder |
Borborygmus | Rumbling or gurgling noises that are audible at a distance |
Cirrhosis | Scarring and dysfunction of the liver |
Jejunum | Second division of the small intestine |
Transverse colon | Second portion of the colon that passes horizontally across
the abdomen toward the spleen |
Obstipation | Severe constipation |
Pyloric stenosis | Structure or narrowing of the pyloric sphincter |
.Enterostomy | Surgical formation of an opening form the small intestine
through the abdominal wall |
Ileostomy | Surgical formation of an opening from the ileum through
the abdominal wal |
Anastomosis | Surgical joining of two ducts, vessels, or bowel segments
to allow flow from one to another |
Cheiloplasty | Surgical repair of the lip |
Aerophagia | Swallowing air |
Liver | The largest glandular organ |
Diarrhea | The passage of unformed watery bowel movements |
Ingest | To eat |
Hematemesis | Vomiting of blood |
.Malabsorption | When nutrients are digested but are not taken in by the intestinal tissues |
(Oral) Leukoplakia | White patches that form on the tongue, lips, or cheek |
Ba | Barium |
BaE, BE | Barium Enema |
BM | Bowel Movement |
BMI | Body Mass Index |
CF | Cystic Fibrosis |
CT | Computed Tomography |
EGD | esophagogastroduodenoscopy |
ERCP | endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography |
GB | gallbladder |
GERD | gastroesophageal reflux disease |
GI | gastrointestinal |
HBV | hepatitis B virus |
IBS | irritable bowel syndrome |
LFT | liver function tests |
PE | physical examination |
PMH | past medical history |
PUD | peptic ulcer disease |
R/O | rule out |
RGB | Roux-en-Y gastric bypass |
STAT | immediately |