| Special Test |
Tests for... |
Positive (+) Test |
| Varus Stress | LCL laxity | increased opening of joint space (at 0 degrees - damage to capsule and ligament, at 30 degrees - damage to ligament only) |
| Valgus Stress | MCL laxity | increased opening of joint space (at 0 degrees - damage to capsule and ligament, at 30 degrees - damage to ligament only) |
| Lachman's | ACL laxity | increased anterior translation of the tibia; increased laxity of the ACL |
| Anterior Drawer | ACL laxity | increased anterior translation of the tibia; increased laxity of the ACL |
| Slocum's | anterolateral and posteromedial instability | increased anterolateral (IR) and posteromedial (ER) translation |
| Hughston's/Jerk | anterolateral instability; ACL laxity | tibia subluxes anteriorly with knee at 20-30 degrees FLEX |
| Pivot Shift (McIntosh) | anterolateral instability; ACL laxity | posterior shift of the tibia going into 30-40 degrees knee FLEX; anterior shift of the tibia into knee EXT |
| Posterior Sag (Godfrey's ) | PCL laxity, posterior joint capsule integrity, arcuate complex instability | tibia sags posteriorly |
| McMurray's | medial and lateral meniscal damage | pain, clicking at the joint line |
| Apley's Compression | meniscal damage | pain with compression |
| Apley's Distraction | ligamentous damage | pain with distraction |
| Medial Synovial Plica | symptomatic plica dysfunction | reproduction of symptoms |
| Stutter | medial synovial plica dysfunction | irregular motion (stuttering) between 40-60 degrees into knee EXT |
| Wilson's | osteochondral defects or osteochondritis dissicans | pain with EXT and tibial IR that is relieved with tibial ER |
| Grind (Clark's Sign) | deterioration of patellar articular cartilage | pain under patella; grinding |
| Apprehension | patellar subluxation/dislocaiton | apprehension, pain during lateral translation of the patella |
| Sweep | joint effusion | small area of fluid accumulates on the medial aspect of the knee |
| Ballotable Patella | joint effusion | patella rebounds, "floats up" after depression |
Beef Production
