Term | Definition |
Globe | a three-dimensional, or spherical, representation of Earth |
Map | a two-dimensional, or flat, representation of Earth |
Latitude | imaginary lines that run east to west, parallel to the equator |
Equator | the center line of latitude |
Longitude | imaginary lines that run from the North pole to the South pole |
Prime Meridian | the center line of longitude running through Greenwich, England |
Hemisphere | half of Earth |
Scale | shows how much distance is represented on the map. For example, 1/2 inch represents 100 miles on the globe. |
Cartographer | a mapmaker |
Elevation | the height of a physical feature above sea level |
Relief | the change in elevation from one place to another |
Projection | a way of showing Earth's curved surface on a flat map. This reduces distortion! |
Spatial Thinking | thinking about the space on Earth's surface, including where places are located and why they are there. |
Geographic Patterns | Similarities among places. Large cities near water is one example. |
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) | create maps and analyze patterns using many layers of data, |
5 Themes of Geography | Location, Place, Human Environment Interaction, Movement, Region |
6 Essential Elements to Study Physical Processes and Human Systems | The world in spatial terms, places and regions, physical systems, human systems, environment and society, and the uses of geography |
Region | A group of places with common traits. The region is linked by trade, culture, and other human activities. |
Continent | large landmass on Earth's surface. Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, Nort America, South America, and Antarctica |
Title | Subject of a map or globe |
Symbols | Represent information such as natural resources and economic activities. |
Labels | names of places, such as cities, countries, rivers, and mountains. |
Colors | represent different kinds of information. For example, the color blue is usually water. |
Legend (or key) | explains what the symbols and colors on the map or globe represent. |
Compass Rose | Show the directions north, south, east, and west. |
Locator Globe | shows the specific area on the world that is shown on a map |
Political Maps | show where the boundaries and locations of countries, states, cities, towns and counties are. These boundaries and locations are generally determined by people rather than nature. |