Question | Answer |
Describe platelets | Thrombocytes
Smallest formed elements found in the blood
Not true cells; fragments of cells
Initiate blood clotting
Hemostasis |
Describe red blood cells | Transport O2/CO2
Most numerous circulating blood cells
During erythropoiesis they decrease in size
Develop Hb/Hgb (give them their red color)
Hb carries 02 to body tissues and exchanges it for C02
Shaped like biconcave disks |
Describe the spleen | Acts as a filter
Resembles a lymph node
Destroys old RBCs
Stores healthy blood cells |
Describe the thymus | Responsible for cellular immunity
Transforms lymphocytes into T cells
Located in the mediastinum |
Describe the tonsils | Masses of lymphatic tissue (palatine) located in the pharynx
Protect upper respiratory structures
Acts as filters |
Describe white blood cells | Protect the body from pathogens
Remove debris from injured tissue
Aid in healing process
Diapedesis
Initiate inflammation and immune response
Phagocytic
Granulocyte or agranulocyte
Migrate through capillaries and venules |
List autoimmune diseases. | AIDS
Allergies
Myasthenia gravis
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Thrombocytopenia
Vasculitis
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus |
What is the function histamines? | Initiate the inflammatory process by increasing blood flow |
What are the two ducts of the lymph system? | Right lymphatic duct
Thoracic duct |
What are the four types of T cells? | -Cytotoxic -Suppressor
-Helper -Memory |
What are the functions of the lymph system? | Maintain fluid balance
Transport lipids away from the GI system
Filter and remove unwanted infectious products |
What is an allergy? | Acquired abnormal immune response |
What is hematology? | Study blood cells, blood-clotting mechanisms, bone marrow and lymph nodes |
What is heparin? | Acts to prevent blood from clotting at the injury site |
Where do blood cells develop from? | Stem cells |
edema | Abnormal accumulation of fluids in the intercellular
spaces of the body |
hemosiderosis | Abnormal increase of iron in the blood |
leukocytosis | Abnormal increase of white cells |
lymphadenopathy | Any disease of the lymph nodes |
antiserum | Blood serum that contains antibodies |
megakaryocyte | Cell with a large nucleus; fragments become
platelets |
pernicious anemia | Chronic, progressive anemia due to lack of
sufficient vitamin B12 |
phagocytosis | Condition of ingesting cells |
leukopenia | Decrease in white blood cells |
thrombolysis | Destruction of a clot |
hemolytic anemia | Destruction of RBCs, commonly resulting in
jaundice |
dyspnea | Difficulty breathing |
adenopathy | Disease of a gland |
vertigo | Dizziness |
splenomegaly | Enlargement of the spleen |
thymectomy | Excision of the thymus gland |
autoimmune disease | Failure of the body to accurately distinguish
between what is “self” and what is “non-self” |
hematopoiesis | Formation of blood cells and platelets in bone marrow |
reticulocyte | Immature RBC |
folic-acid deficiency anemia | Inability to produce sufficient RBCs |
transfusion | infusion of blood or blood products from one person
to another |
sickle cell anemia | Inherited anemia that causes RBCs to become
crescent- or sickle-shaped |
iron-deficiency anemia | Lack of sufficient iron in RBCs |
monocyte | Leukocyte that is phagocytic |
eosinophil | Leukocyte that protects by releasing toxins to destroy
harmful invaders |
basophil | Leukocyte that releases histamines and heparin |
hematoma | Localized accumulation of blood |
erythrocyte | Mature red blood cell |
phlebotomy | Obtaining blood for testing purposes |
immunologist | One who specializes in the study of protection |
hypochromic | Pertaining to decrease of colour |
hemoglobin | Plasma protein; carries O2 to body tissues |
thrombocyte | Platelet; initiates blood clotting |
sepsis | Presence of bacteria or their toxins in the blood;
also called septicemia or blood poisoning |
antibody | Protects against antigens |
lymphocytes | Provides protection form bacteria by producing
antibodies |
erythema | Redness of the skin |
anemia | Reduction in the number of circulating red blood
cells |
myeloid | Resembling bone marrow |
aplastic anemia | Serious form of anemia associated with bone marrow
failure |
antigen | Substance recognized as harmful to the host |
blood culture | Test to determine the presence of pathogens in the
bloodstream |
plasma | The liquid portion of blood |
neutrophil | The most numerous WBC |
morphology | The study of shape |
viscous | Thick, sticky |
lymphoma | Tumour of lymph tissue |
granulocyte | Type of WBC containing granules; formed in the
red bone marrow |
agranulocyte | Type of white blood cell without granules |
leukocytes | White blood cell |