Term | Definition |
cell | most basic unit of life. Considered the building block of the human body |
3 components of cells | 1. cell membrane
2. cytoplasm
3. nucleus |
cell membrane | -has receptors that identify cell (lock and key)
-helps in communication between cells
-regulates movement in and out of cell
-some have cilia or flagella |
cytoplasm | fluid inside cell that contains organelles |
nucleus | -controls every organelle in cytoplasm
-contains chromatin
-DNA is contained in chromosomes of the cell |
Endoplasmic Retuiculum | -organelle
1. rough - ribosomes attached
2. smooth - no ribosomes
- responsible for transporting protein |
ribosomes | -organelle
-protein factory of the cell that are responsible for transporting proteins |
Golgi apparatus | -organelle
-tiny flattened sacs that help process and package chemicals in the cell |
Mitochondria | -organelle
-"powerhouse" of the cell, responsible for the production of ATP |
Lysosomes | -organelle
-digestive bags in the cell |
centrioles | -organelle
-small paired rods important in cellular division |
DNA | -mandatory for cell reproduction
-provides the cell's genetic make-up |
interstitial fluid | makes up empty space between cells |
cell division | mitosis and cytokinesis |
5 stages of Mitosis | 1. Prophase
2. Prometaphase
3. Metaphase
4. Anaphase
5. Telophase |
Prophase | centrioles have replicated, moved to opposite ends of the cell creating spindle fibers between them |
Prometaphase | centrioles move to the poles of the cell |
Metaphase | Chromosomes move to the middle and line up along the center of the cell |
Anaphase | 2 daughter chromosomes (chromatids) move to the opposite ends |
Telophase | cytoplasm division occurs and mitosis is completed |
epithelial tissue | covers the body and lines many parts of the body1. |
connective tissue | most abundant and widely distributed tissue in the body |
3 types of muscle tissue | 1. voluntary / striated
2. Involuntary / smooth
3. cardiac |
nerve tissue | allows rapid communication between various parts of the body |
3 types of passive transport (does not require energy) | 1. diffusion
2. osmosis
3. filtration |
diffusion | - type of passive transport
- substance scatters throughout available space |
osmosis | - type of passive transport
- water moves from area of high concentration to area of low concentration |
filtration | - type of passive transport
- requires form of pressure
- movement of water and solutes due to hudrostatic pressure |
2 types of active transport (requires energy) | 1. phagocytosis (eats)
2. pinocytosis (drinks) |
phagocytosis | cell engulfs or "eats" solid particles such as bacteria |
pinocytosis | "drinks" |
genetics | study of the hereditary make-up of animals and plants |
genes | made up of DNA |
Genetic disorders | 1. albinism
2. color deficiency
3. hemophilia |
albinism | - genetic disorder
- congenital but non-pathological disorder
-recessive gene mutation causes lack of pigment in hair, skin, and nails |
color deficiency | - AKA color blindness
- genetic disorder
- difficulty in distinguishing reds and greens
- inherited, sex-linked disorder usually passed from mother to son |
hemophilia | - genetic disorder
- sex-linked disorder in which blood coagulation time is greatly increased |