Question | Answer |
Growth Hormone Excess (pre-puberty) | gigantism |
Growth Hormone Excess (post-puberty) | acromegally, increased organ size, glucose intolerance |
Prolactin deficiency | Failure to lacate |
Factors that increase prolactin secretion | estrogen, breast-feeding, sleep, stress, TRH, dopamine antagonists |
Factors that decrease prolactin secretion | deopamine, bromocriptine, somatostatin, prolactin |
Hyperthyroidism symptoms | increased metabolic rate, weight loss, negative Nitrogen balance, incrased heat production, increased cardiac output, dyspnea, tremor, weakness, goiter |
Hyperthyroid causes | graves disease, thyroid neoplasm |
Graves Disease | Antibodies to TSH receptor |
TSH Levels in Hyperthyroidism | decreased |
Addison’s Disease | autoimmune destruction of adrenal cortex; Primary adrenocortical insufficiency |
Clinical features of Addison’s Disease | hypoglycemia, anorexia, weight loss, nausea, vomiting, weakness, hypotension, Hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis, decresased pubic and axillary hair in women |
Cushing’s Syndrome | adrenocortical excess; hyperplasia of adrenal glands….not to be confused with Cushing’s Disease |
Clinical features of Cushing’s Syndrome | hyperglycemia, muscle wasting, central obesity, round face, buffalo hump, osteoporosis, striae, verilzation and menstrual disorders in women, HTN |
ACTH levels in Cushing’s | decreased (negative feedback of cortisol) |
Cushings Disease | overproduction of ACTH; usually drug induced; same symptoms as Cushing Syndrome |
Conn’s Syndrome | aldosterone secreting tumor |
Congenital Adrenal hyperplasia | deficiency in CYP21A2, CYP11B1, CYP 17, StAR |
CYP 17 deficiancy | results in decreased cortisol production by slowing conversion of pregnelone and progesterone to the cortisol pathway |
CYP11B1 deficiency | decreased aldosterone and cortisol production |
CYP21A2 deficiency | decreased aldosterone and cortisol production |
Hypothalmic Diabetes Insipidis | Deficiency in ADH |
Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidis | Renal resistance to ADH |
Dipsogenic Diabetes Insipidis | Excessive Water drinking |